Final Quiz PPs Flashcards
Which one is NOT a potential complication of GERD:
- Gastric Ulcer
- Achalasia
- Esophageal Varices
- Esophageal Strictures
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1 and 3
What are NOT the symptoms of hyperacidity?
- Epigastric Pain
- Sweating
- Heartburn
- Obstipation
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
2 and 4
Corticotropin-related peptides are:
- ACTH
- Endorphins
- MSH
- LPH
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
All are probably correct
ACTH
Endorphins, MSH, and LPH are all part of POMC
Which of the following statements are true?
- GH increases the synthesis of proteins
- GH decreases protein catabolism
- GH decreases the cellular glucose uptake
- GH decreases the utilization of lipids
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1, 2, 3
Mostly anti-insulin effects, except the increase synthesis of proteins
Clinical signs of acromegaly:
- Hyperostosis
- Cardiomegaly
- Barrel chest
- Hypogonadism
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1,2,3, and 4.
hypogonadism was surprising
Clinical presentation of prolactinoma in women, except:
- Amenorrhea
- Headache
- Hirsutism
- Gynecomastia
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
- Gynecomastia (that occurs in men)
[Hirsudism is male-type body hair]
Clinical features of diabetes insipidus include, except:
- Hyperhidrosis
- Nocturia or nucturnal enuresis
- Hypernatremic dehydration
- Polyuria, polydipsia, and thirst
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1: Hyperhidrosis
Should see a rise in serum [Na+] with dehydration, and normally it’s not possible to just have answer #1 without #3 too, so I don’t really know. Could be none of them but hyperhidrosis doesn’t make sense with DI.
Another version of this PP said hyponatremic dehydration and that answer was false
[Hyperhidrosis is uncontrolled sweating, Enuresis is a repeated inability to control urination]
Clinical signs of hypothyrodism include, except:
- Pretibial myxedema
- Carotenoderma
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
Another horrible question, there is no correct answer. 1 is not true because it’s actually part of Grave’s disease, and via the MCQ we can only do #1 and #3 has an answer. However hypertriglyceridemia is usually part of hypothyroidism, so fuck this question. It is possible that the question is reversed with this include/except crap, and they are actually looking for 1,2, and 3 as an answer. Who knows.
Etiology of nontoxic goiter:
- Grave’s disease
- Iodine deficiency
- Subacute thyroiditis
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
All 4
Clinical features of primary adrenocortical insufficiency:
- Weakness, fatigue, weight loss
- Hypertension
- GI disturbances
- Vitiligo
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1 and 3
Refers to mostly to Addison’s disease or Waterhouse-Friderichsen
Possible causes of Conn’s syndrome
- Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex
- Bartter’s syndrome
- 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency
- 21 hydroxylase deficiency
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1 and 3
Conn’s syndrome is (primary) overproduction of aldosterone
Hirsutism can develop due to:
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Cushing syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1, 3
Possible causes of secondary mineralocorticoid excess:
- Renovascular disease
- Estrogen therapy
- Cirrhosis
- Bartter’s syndrome
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1, 2, 3, 4
In primary hyperaldosteronism:
- there is no change in the plasma renin activity
- the plasma aldosterone level increases
- the plasma K+ level increases
- there is metabolic alkalosis
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
2 and 4
Which statements are true about dexamethasone test?
- This is a stimulation test of the adrenals
- the low dose test can be used to confirm the suspicion of Cushing’s syndrome
- the result of the test is abnormal if the plasma cortisol level gets lower
- the high dose test helps in the differential diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
2 and 4
Which of the following tests are useful in the diagnosis of acromegaly?
- Taking images of the sella turcica
- dexamethasone test
- measurement of plasma GH levels following glucose load
- Metyrapone test
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1 and 3
It is common in hyperthyroidism:
- diarrhea
- sweating
- pulsus celer et altus
- pretibial edema
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
All of them can be
It is common in hypothyroidism:
- low voltage
- low cholesterol level
- myxedema
- pretibial edema
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1 and 3
Which of the following is NOT a pathogenic factor of Helicobacter pylori? A. Flagellum B. Urease C. Campylobacter toxin D. Adhesion molecules E. Vac-A toxin
C: Campylobacter toxin
tricky because H. pylori is part of campylobacter family but dont know of this toxin
Which one of the following is NOT implicated in the pathomechanism of IBD?
A: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
B. Autoimmunity
C. Smoking
D: NSAIDs
E: Oral contraceptives
Probably C, surprisingly. Nicotine helps protect against UC.
They didn’t mention E but googling shows a link.
definitely not B, D. A is complicated… not sure.
Which ones of the following could be symptoms of colon cc?
- Blood in the stool
- Obstipation / diarrhea
- Anemia
- Jaundice
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1, 2, 3
Never heard of jaundice being related but the other 3 are for sure
Which of the following is used for diagnosis of GERD?
- Esophagus tonometry
- Urea breath test
- Endoscopy
- PPI test
(Can be multiple answers or no answers)
1, 3
not sure about #1 but I think it’s true, they just normally mention manometry
Which is the most common GI-tract disease? A. Colon cc B. Gastric cc C. Pancreas cc D. GERD E. H. pylori infection
E. Helicobacter pylori infection
Which of the following are NOT implicated in the pathomechanism of peptic ulcer disease? A. NSAIDs B. H. pylori C. Hyperacidity D. Cholelithiasis E. Prostaglandin production
Another weird question.. I don’t see anything about gallstones causing peptic ulcers, but prostaglandins protect from peptic ulcers. It’s probably cholelithiasis but the question is just worded badly.
Which organ is affected in secondary endocrine diseases?
Kahoot
Adenohypophysis
Primary is target organ, tertiary is hypothalamus
What causes Sheehan’s syndrome?
Kahoot
Hemorrhagic necrosis of maternal pituitary gland during delivery
What is a treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Kahoot
Diuretics
What is a surprising finding in Laron’s dwarfism?
Kahoot
Serum GH is elevated
Most common cause of dwarfism?
Kahoot
FGF R3 mutation in achondroplasia
Normal concentration of circulating free T4?
Kahoot
0.03 to 0.05%
Free T3 is higher, I think like 3% or something
Lab observations in iodine deficiency
Kahoot
Free T4 decreased, maybe Free T3 increase? Didn’t write it down clearly
Which statement is true? Select one or more:
A. mineralocorticoids are produced in the zona glomerulosa
B. glucocorticoids are produced in the zona glomerulosa
C. glucocorticoids are produced in the zona fasciculata
D. mineralocorticoids are produced in the zona fasciculata
A, C
Radioiodine uptake of the thyroid gland is increased in: Select one or more:
A. Graves’ disease
B. multinodular goiter
C. exogenous thyroid hormone therapy
D. thyroiditis
A, B
Which of the following statements are true in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Select one or more:
A. patient presents painless goiter
B. anti-TgAb is usually negative
C. patients often have significantly elevated anti-TPO Ab
D. most commonly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus
A, C, D
Clinical presentation of prolactinoma in women:
Select one or more:
A. amenorrhea
B. gynecomastia
C. galactorrhea
D. virilization
A, C
Causes of SIADH:
Select one or more:
A. stroke
B. pneumonia
C. subarachnoid hemorrhage
D. Addison’s disease
B, C, D
Clinical presentation of prolactinoma in men:
Select one or more:
A. galactorrhea
B. headache
C. oligomenorrhea
D. hirsutism
A, B
Noradrenergic neurons inhibit the release of:
Select one:
A. ACTH
B. FSH
C. TSH
D. GH
A
Clinical signs of polycystic ovarian syndrome:
Select one or more:
A. weight loss
B. dyslipidemia
C. IGT or IFG
D. oligomenorrhea
B, C, D
Possible causes of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
Select one or more:
A. Sjögren’s syndrome
B. sickle cell disease
C. diabetic glomerulosclerosis
D. chronic pyelonephritis
A, B, D
Which statement is true for Laron dwarfs:
Select one or more:
A. GH secretion is suppressible by glucose
B. GH receptor defect
C. extremely short (<120 cm) stature
D. the incidence of diabetes and/or malignant tumors are very common in these patients
B, C
