Reference Soil Group

Question 1

thick organic layers

Answer 1

Histosols

Question 1

strong human influence , long and intensive agricultural use

Answer 1

Anthrosols

Question 1

strong human influence , many artefacts

Answer 1

Technosols

Question 2

limited rooting, Ice-affected soils

Answer 2

Cryosols

Question 3

limited rooting, Shallow or extremely gravelly soils

Answer 3

Leptosols

Question 4

influenced by water, Alternating wet-dry conditions, rich in swelling clays

Answer 4

Vertisols

Question 5

influenced by water, Floodplains, tidal marshes

Answer 5

Fluvisols

Question 6

influenced by water, Alkaline soils

Answer 6

Solonetz

Question 7

influenced by water, Salt enrichment upon evaporation

Answer 7

Solonchaks

Question 8

influenced by water, Groundwater affected soils

Answer 8

Gleysols

Question 9

Fe/Al chemistry, Allophanes or Al-humus complexes

Answer 9

Andosols

Question 10

Fe/Al chemistry, Cheluviation and chilluviation

Answer 10

Podzols

Question 11

Fe/Al chemistry, Accumulation of Fe under hydromorphic conditions

Answer 11

Plinthosols

Question 12

Fe/Al chemistry, Low-activity clay, P fixation, strongly structured

Answer 12

Nitisols

Question 13

Fe/Al chemistry, Dominance of kaolinite and sesquioxides

Answer 13

Ferralsols

Question 14

stagnating water , Abrupt textural discontinuity

Answer 14

Planosols

Question 15

stagnating water , Structural or moderate textural discontinuity

Answer 15

Stagnosols

Question 16

Accumulation of organic matter, high base status, Typically mollic

Answer 16

Chernozems

Question 17

Accumulation of organic matter, high base status, Transition to drier climate

Answer 17

Kastanozems

Question 18

Accumulation of organic matter, high base status, Transition to more humid climate

Answer 18

Phaeozems

Question 19

Accumulation of less soluble salts or non-saline substances, Gypsum

Answer 19

Gypsisols

Question 20

Accumulation of less soluble salts or non-saline substances, Silica

Answer 20

Durisols

Question 21

Accumulation of less soluble salts or non-saline substances, Calcium carbonate

Answer 21

Calcisols

Question 22

clay-enriched subsoil, Albeluvic tonguing

Answer 22

Albeluvisols

Question 23

clay-enriched subsoil, Low base status, high-activity clay

Answer 23

Alisols

Question 24

clay-enriched subsoil, Low base status, low-activity clay

Answer 24

Acrisols

Question 25

clay-enriched subsoil, High base status, high-activity clay

Answer 25

Luvisols

Question 26

clay-enriched subsoil, High base status, low-activity clay

Answer 26

Lixisols

Question 27

Relatively young soils or soils with little or no profile development, With an acidic dark topsoil

Answer 27

Umbrisols

Question 28

Relatively young soils or soils with little or no profile development, Sandy soils

Answer 28

Arenosols

Question 29

Relatively young soils or soils with little or no profile development, Moderately developed soils

Answer 29

Cambisols

Question 30

Relatively young soils or soils with little or no profile development, Soils with no significant profile development

Answer 30

Regosols