Reference ranges Flashcards
BUN
8-26 mg/dl
Creatinine
0.7-1.5 mg/dl
uric acid female
2.6 - 6 mg/dl
uric acid for males
3.5- 7.2 mg/dl
ammonia
19-60 ug/dl
sodium
136-145 mmol/L
potassium
2.5- 5.1 mmol/L
fasting glucose
70 - 99 mmol/L
CO2
23- 29 mmol/L
Can be combined with flourescence or dyes uses standard chemical reactions
Enzymes
Uses scintillation counter to detect dacay
radioactivity
molecules emit light at a longer wavelength when excited at a shorter wavelength and can be stained as well as labelled
fluorescence
Movement in a gel matrix caused by an electrical field
Electrophoresis
Release of light eneergy as the product of a chemical reaction.
Chemiluminescence
Which contribute to specific gravity. There are 3
BUN
urea
glucose
What is the standard for the collection of sweat for chloride analysis
Iontophoresis
What is used to stimulate the production of sweat
Pilocarpine
specify if cystic fibrosis is present
equal to or less than 39 mmol/L
40 - 59 mmol/L
Cystic fibrosis us not likely to be present (rules out CF)
specify if cystic fibrosis is present
equal to or grater than 60 mmol/L
CF is most likely present
specify if cystic fibrosis is present
40 - 59 mmol/L
Intermediate level (CF my be present further testing may be required )
what is reliability
is a concept that shows the level of consistency of the resul when running the same test with the same method
what are the 5 basic fractions
albumin alpha-1 alpha-2 gamma globulins beta
All patient test are reimbursed according to a code number which are called
Common Procedure Terminology
what is the most effective for early differentiation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) sepsis due to increase following infection and higher specificity?
Procalcitonin (PCT)
PCT usually rises within 3-6 hours
Parathyroid hormone regulates
calcium and phosphate
serum calcium (by acting on bone, kidney and intestines while) phosphate by stimulating the intestine and kidney enhancing absorption and reabsorption respectively
In the PCR amplification which one is amplified
probe
Which cardio biomarkers rises within 30 mins -4 hrs after chest pain, peaks in 2 -12 hours and is usually normal within 24 -36 hours
Myoglobin
Increased level of LDL-C indicates
an increased risk for cardiovascular disease
Causes of increased myoglobin and CK-MB are
Serve injury to skeletal muscle Strenous exercise Extremely difficult breathing (increased use of chest muscle) kidney failure chronic muscle disease alcoholic abuse
An area of tissue death that occurs due to lack of oxygen
infraction
chest pain caused by inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium
Angina
An inadequate blood supply that decreases availability of oxygen
Ischemia
Chylomicrons are primarily composed of ____ and they are synthesized in the _____ and they are responsible for transporting for the ______ to the rest of the body
Triglycerides
intestine
gut
An increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is mostly associated with which organ
colon
As defined by a Gaussain distribution curve, what percentage of values would be expected to fall within 1 2 and 3 SD
1= 68% 2= 95% 3= 99.7%
Normal ratio bicarbonate to carbonic acid is
20:1
How many milliliters of a 5M solution would be needed to make 250 ml of a 2M solution
(V1)(M1)=(V2)(M2)
100 ml
GGT is elavated in which disorder
liver
___ is the earliest serum cardiac maker to rise after an infraction
myogloin
of the following say if its lean or six sigma or both Process improvement quality control Reducing variation reducing waste
Process improvement =lean and six sigma
quality control = six sigma
Reducing variation = six sigma
reducing waste =lean
The production of neutral 17- ketesteroids is a measure of
androgean production
17- ketesteroids are metabolites of male steroids sex hormones, or androgens and other hormones released by part of the adrenal gland in males and females and in the testes in males
If a pipette is labelled (TC) to contain what would you do to the remaining liquid after you pipette
you must blow out to remove total content
