Reference ranges

Question 1

BUN

Answer 1

8-26 mg/dl

Question 2

Creatinine

Answer 2

0.7-1.5 mg/dl

Question 3

uric acid female

Answer 3

2.6 - 6 mg/dl

Question 4

uric acid for males

Answer 4

3.5- 7.2 mg/dl

Question 5

ammonia

Answer 5

19-60 ug/dl

Question 6

sodium

Answer 6

136-145 mmol/L

Question 7

potassium

Answer 7

2.5- 5.1 mmol/L

Question 8

fasting glucose

Answer 8

70 - 99 mmol/L

Question 9

CO2

Answer 9

23- 29 mmol/L

Question 10

Can be combined with flourescence or dyes uses standard chemical reactions

Answer 10

Enzymes

Question 11

Uses scintillation counter to detect dacay

Answer 11

radioactivity

Question 12

molecules emit light at a longer wavelength when excited at a shorter wavelength and can be stained as well as labelled

Answer 12

fluorescence

Question 13

Movement in a gel matrix caused by an electrical field

Answer 13

Electrophoresis

Question 14

Release of light eneergy as the product of a chemical reaction.

Answer 14

Chemiluminescence

Question 15

Which contribute to specific gravity. There are 3

Answer 15

BUN
urea
glucose

Question 16

What is the standard for the collection of sweat for chloride analysis

Answer 16

Iontophoresis

Question 17

What is used to stimulate the production of sweat

Answer 17

Pilocarpine

Question 18

specify if cystic fibrosis is present
equal to or less than 39 mmol/L

40 - 59 mmol/L

Answer 18

Cystic fibrosis us not likely to be present (rules out CF)

Question 19

specify if cystic fibrosis is present

equal to or grater than 60 mmol/L

Answer 19

CF is most likely present

Question 20

specify if cystic fibrosis is present

40 - 59 mmol/L

Answer 20

Intermediate level (CF my be present further testing may be required )

Question 21

what is reliability

Answer 21

is a concept that shows the level of consistency of the resul when running the same test with the same method

Question 22

what are the 5 basic fractions

Answer 22

albumin
alpha-1
alpha-2
gamma globulins
beta

Question 23

All patient test are reimbursed according to a code number which are called

Answer 23

Common Procedure Terminology

Question 24

what is the most effective for early differentiation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) sepsis due to increase following infection and higher specificity?

Answer 24

Procalcitonin (PCT)

PCT usually rises within 3-6 hours

Question 25

Parathyroid hormone regulates

Answer 25

calcium and phosphate ``` serum calcium (by acting on bone, kidney and intestines while) phosphate by stimulating the intestine and kidney enhancing absorption and reabsorption respectively ```

Question 26

In the PCR amplification which one is amplified

Answer 26

probe

Question 27

Which cardio biomarkers rises within 30 mins -4 hrs after chest pain, peaks in 2 -12 hours and is usually normal within 24 -36 hours

Answer 27

Myoglobin

Question 28

Increased level of LDL-C indicates

Answer 28

an increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Question 29

Causes of increased myoglobin and CK-MB are

Answer 29

``` Serve injury to skeletal muscle Strenous exercise Extremely difficult breathing (increased use of chest muscle) kidney failure chronic muscle disease alcoholic abuse ```

Question 30

An area of tissue death that occurs due to lack of oxygen

Answer 30

infraction

Question 31

chest pain caused by inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium

Answer 31

Angina

Question 32

An inadequate blood supply that decreases availability of oxygen

Answer 32

Ischemia

Question 33

Chylomicrons are primarily composed of ____ and they are synthesized in the _____ and they are responsible for transporting for the ______ to the rest of the body

Answer 33

Triglycerides intestine gut

Question 34

An increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is mostly associated with which organ

Answer 34

colon

Question 35

As defined by a Gaussain distribution curve, what percentage of values would be expected to fall within 1 2 and 3 SD

Answer 35

``` 1= 68% 2= 95% 3= 99.7% ```

Question 36

Normal ratio bicarbonate to carbonic acid is

Answer 36

20:1

Question 37

How many milliliters of a 5M solution would be needed to make 250 ml of a 2M solution

Answer 37

(V1)(M1)=(V2)(M2) | 100 ml

Question 38

GGT is elavated in which disorder

Answer 38

liver

Question 39

___ is the earliest serum cardiac maker to rise after an infraction

Answer 39

myogloin

Question 40

``` of the following say if its lean or six sigma or both Process improvement quality control Reducing variation reducing waste ```

Answer 40

Process improvement =lean and six sigma quality control = six sigma Reducing variation = six sigma reducing waste =lean

Question 41

The production of neutral 17- ketesteroids is a measure of

Answer 41

androgean production 17- ketesteroids are metabolites of male steroids sex hormones, or androgens and other hormones released by part of the adrenal gland in males and females and in the testes in males

Question 42

If a pipette is labelled (TC) to contain what would you do to the remaining liquid after you pipette

Answer 42

you must blow out to remove total content