Reference ranges Flashcards

1
Q

BUN

A

8-26 mg/dl

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2
Q

Creatinine

A

0.7-1.5 mg/dl

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3
Q

uric acid female

A

2.6 - 6 mg/dl

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4
Q

uric acid for males

A

3.5- 7.2 mg/dl

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5
Q

ammonia

A

19-60 ug/dl

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6
Q

sodium

A

136-145 mmol/L

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7
Q

potassium

A

2.5- 5.1 mmol/L

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8
Q

fasting glucose

A

70 - 99 mmol/L

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9
Q

CO2

A

23- 29 mmol/L

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10
Q

Can be combined with flourescence or dyes uses standard chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

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11
Q

Uses scintillation counter to detect dacay

A

radioactivity

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12
Q

molecules emit light at a longer wavelength when excited at a shorter wavelength and can be stained as well as labelled

A

fluorescence

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13
Q

Movement in a gel matrix caused by an electrical field

A

Electrophoresis

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14
Q

Release of light eneergy as the product of a chemical reaction.

A

Chemiluminescence

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15
Q

Which contribute to specific gravity. There are 3

A

BUN
urea
glucose

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16
Q

What is the standard for the collection of sweat for chloride analysis

A

Iontophoresis

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17
Q

What is used to stimulate the production of sweat

A

Pilocarpine

18
Q

specify if cystic fibrosis is present
equal to or less than 39 mmol/L

40 - 59 mmol/L

A

Cystic fibrosis us not likely to be present (rules out CF)

19
Q

specify if cystic fibrosis is present

equal to or grater than 60 mmol/L

A

CF is most likely present

20
Q

specify if cystic fibrosis is present

40 - 59 mmol/L

A

Intermediate level (CF my be present further testing may be required )

21
Q

what is reliability

A

is a concept that shows the level of consistency of the resul when running the same test with the same method

22
Q

what are the 5 basic fractions

A
albumin
alpha-1
alpha-2
gamma globulins
beta
23
Q

All patient test are reimbursed according to a code number which are called

A

Common Procedure Terminology

24
Q

what is the most effective for early differentiation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) sepsis due to increase following infection and higher specificity?

A

Procalcitonin (PCT)

PCT usually rises within 3-6 hours

25
Q

Parathyroid hormone regulates

A

calcium and phosphate

serum calcium (by acting on bone, kidney and intestines while)
phosphate by stimulating the intestine and kidney enhancing absorption and reabsorption respectively
26
Q

In the PCR amplification which one is amplified

A

probe

27
Q

Which cardio biomarkers rises within 30 mins -4 hrs after chest pain, peaks in 2 -12 hours and is usually normal within 24 -36 hours

A

Myoglobin

28
Q

Increased level of LDL-C indicates

A

an increased risk for cardiovascular disease

29
Q

Causes of increased myoglobin and CK-MB are

A
Serve injury to skeletal muscle 
Strenous exercise 
Extremely difficult breathing (increased use of chest muscle)
kidney failure 
chronic muscle disease 
alcoholic abuse
30
Q

An area of tissue death that occurs due to lack of oxygen

A

infraction

31
Q

chest pain caused by inadequate supply of oxygen to heart myocardium

A

Angina

32
Q

An inadequate blood supply that decreases availability of oxygen

A

Ischemia

33
Q

Chylomicrons are primarily composed of ____ and they are synthesized in the _____ and they are responsible for transporting for the ______ to the rest of the body

A

Triglycerides
intestine
gut

34
Q

An increase of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is mostly associated with which organ

A

colon

35
Q

As defined by a Gaussain distribution curve, what percentage of values would be expected to fall within 1 2 and 3 SD

A
1= 68%
2= 95%
3= 99.7%
36
Q

Normal ratio bicarbonate to carbonic acid is

A

20:1

37
Q

How many milliliters of a 5M solution would be needed to make 250 ml of a 2M solution

A

(V1)(M1)=(V2)(M2)

100 ml

38
Q

GGT is elavated in which disorder

A

liver

39
Q

___ is the earliest serum cardiac maker to rise after an infraction

A

myogloin

40
Q
of the following say if its lean or six sigma or both
Process improvement
quality control 
Reducing variation 
reducing waste
A

Process improvement =lean and six sigma
quality control = six sigma
Reducing variation = six sigma
reducing waste =lean

41
Q

The production of neutral 17- ketesteroids is a measure of

A

androgean production
17- ketesteroids are metabolites of male steroids sex hormones, or androgens and other hormones released by part of the adrenal gland in males and females and in the testes in males

42
Q

If a pipette is labelled (TC) to contain what would you do to the remaining liquid after you pipette

A

you must blow out to remove total content