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GCSE CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 > Redox, Rusting and Iron > Flashcards

Redox, Rusting and Iron Flashcards

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1
Q

What three things can oxidation be defined as?

A

-Gain of oxygen
-Loss of hydrogen
-Loss of electrons

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2
Q

What three things can reduction be defined as?

A

-Loss of oxygen
-Gain of hydrogen
-Gain of electrons

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3
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A redox reaction is a reaction where both reduction and oxidation occur at the same time.

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4
Q

What two conditions are needed for rusting to occur?

A

Oxygen and water.

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5
Q

What is the fancy name for rust? What is the symbol equation?

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide. (Fe2O3.xH2O).

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6
Q

What are the four barrier methods used to prevent rusting?

A

-Painting
-Oiling
-Plastic coating
-Metal plating

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7
Q

What needs to be done in order for metal plating to work properly?

A

The iron must be fully covered with a thin layer of metal.

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8
Q

Give some examples of when the barrier method ‘painting’ would be used?

A

Ships, railings and car bodies.

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9
Q

Give some examples of when the barrier method ‘oiling’ would be used?

A

Moving machinery parts, bike chains and gate hinges.

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10
Q

Give some examples of when the barrier method ‘plastic coating’ would be used?

A

Paper clips, fridge shelves and gym weights.

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11
Q

What is galvanising? Where would it be used?

A

When the iron is completely plated with zinc. Garden tools, buckets and chains.

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12
Q

What are food cans made from iron covered with to prevent rusting?

A

Tin!

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13
Q

What are ‘shiny’ bath taps made from iron covered with to prevent rusting?

A

Chromium.

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14
Q

In some cases, why might barrier methods not be used to reduce rusting? Where might this be the case?

A

If they are not suitable or are too expensive. With massive structures such as oil rigs and the hulls of ships made from steel.

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15
Q

How would oil rigs be prevented from rusting? Why is this done?

A

By placing zinc blocks on to the steel. Zinc is more reactive than iron and so it reacts with water and oxygen first.

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16
Q

What is sacrificial protection?

A

A metal that is more reactive than iron reacts in preference to the iron, so the iron does not rust.

17
Q

How are the hulls of ships and petrol storage tanks protected form rusting?

A

Magnesium blocks are placed on to them.

18
Q

If iron is the only metal that rusts, what happens to the other metals?

A

They corrode.

19
Q

What’s is another name for limestone and what is the symbol equation?

A

Calcium carbonate. (CaCo3).

20
Q

What is the main ore of iron and what does it contain?

A

Haematite and it contains iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3).

21
Q

In the iron ore, how is the iron extracted?

A

In a blast furnace.

22
Q

What does coke contain?

A

Carbon (C).

23
Q

Why is iron a cheap metal?

A

Because the ore is abundant.

24
Q

Why is iron used in many structures and bridges?

A

Because of its strength.n

25
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

The breaking down of a substance using heat.

26
Q

In the producing of the reducing agent, what reduces the carbon dioxide and what does this then form?

A

Coke (C) and then forms Carbon monoxide (2CO).

27
Q

In the producing of the reducing agent, what is the reducing agent?

A

The carbon monoxide.

28
Q

What does the carbon monoxide reduce? How does it do this?

A

The iron (III) oxide and it does this by removing the oxygen from it.

29
Q

When carbon monoxide reduces the iron (III) oxide, what products are formed?

A

Molten iron and carbon dioxide.

30
Q

When limestone (calcium carbonate~CaCO3) is thermally decomposed, what products are formed?

A

Calcium oxide (CaO) and Carbon dioxide (CO2).

31
Q

What impurities are present in the haematite ore and where are they from?

A

Silicon dioxide impurities from the sand.

32
Q

Why does silicon dioxide react with calcium oxide?

A

Silicon dioxide is acidic and so reacts with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate.

33
Q

What is the symbol equation when calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide?

A

CaO + SiO2 —> CaSiO3

34
Q

When the molten slag and molten iron drip down to the bottom of the blast furnace, why do the not mix? What layer is on top?

A

Molten iron is more dense meaning the molten slag will be on the top.

35
Q

What happens to the molten slag and molten iron in the blast furnace?

A

They are tapped off, as liquids through separate holes.

GCSE CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 (3 decks)

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