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GCSE CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 > Metals and the Reactivity Series > Flashcards

Metals and the Reactivity Series Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of the metals in the reactivity series? What are their symbols?

A

Potassium K
Sodium Na
Calcium Ca
Magnesium Mg
Aluminium Al
Zinc Zn
Iron Fe
Copper Cu

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2
Q

Where does Carbon go in the reactivity series?

A

Between Aluminium and Zinc.

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3
Q

What is the reaction of metals with cold water equation?

A

Metal + Water —> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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4
Q

What metals react with water?

A

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium.

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5
Q

What two metals are stored under oil?

A

Potassium and Sodium.

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6
Q

What are the observations with sodium and water?

A

-Heat released
-Bubbles
-Floats about the surface
-Colourless solution formed
-Eventually disappears
-Melts into a tiny ball

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7
Q

What is the word and symbol equation between sodium and water?

A

Sodium + water —> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Na + 2H2O —> 2NaOH + H2

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8
Q

What are the observations between potassium and water?

A

-Floats about the surface
-Heat released
-Bubbles
-Colourless solution formed
-Eventually disappears
-May explode
-Burns with a lilac flame

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9
Q

What happens when phenolphthalein is added to the water after the reactions of potassium and sodium with water? Why?

A

It will turn pink. To show that an alkali has been formed.

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10
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water?

A

Potassium + water —> Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
2K + 2H2O —> 2KOH + H2

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11
Q

What are the observations between calcium and water?

A

Heat released
Calcium disappears
Bubbles of gas given off
Sinks the rises
Colourless solution formed with some white precipitate

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12
Q

When calcium reacts with water, why is the solution not fully colourless and has some white precipitate?

A

Because calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble.

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13
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for calcium reacting with water?

A

Calcium + water —> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Ca + 2H2O —> Ca(OH)2 + H2

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14
Q

What happens when magnesium reacts with water?

A

A few bubbles of hydrogen gas produced over a long time.

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15
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for magnesium reacting with water?

A

Magnesium + water —> magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen
Mg + 2H2O —> Mg(OH)2 + H2

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16
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

Add a lit/lighted splint and a squeaky pop sound is heard.

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17
Q

What metals react with steam?

A

Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc and Iron.

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18
Q

When reacting metals with steam, why is the mineral wool dampened?

A

To generate the steam.

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19
Q

What are the observations when magnesium reacts with steam?

A

-Burns with a bright white light
-Heat released
-White solid remains

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20
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for magnesium reacting with steam?

A

Magnesium + steam —> magnesium oxide + hydrogen
Mg + H2O —> MgO + H2

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21
Q

What are the observations for aluminium reacting with steam?

A

-Heat released
-Powdered aluminium reacts to give a white solid

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22
Q

Why does aluminium foil not react with steam?

A

Because it is covered with a very unreactive layer of aluminium oxide.

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23
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for aluminium reacting with steam?

A

Aluminium + steam —> aluminium oxide + hydrogen
2Al + 3H2O —> Al2O3 + 3H2

24
Q

What are the observations when zinc reacts with steam?

A

-Powdered zinc reacts to form a yellow solid and turns white when cooling
-Heat released

25
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for zinc reacting with steam?

A

Zinc + steam —> zinc oxide + hydrogen
Zn + H2O —> ZnO + H2

26
Q

What are the observations when iron reacts with steam?

A

-Powdered iron reacts to form a black solid
-Heat released

27
Q

What is the word and symbol equation when iron reacts with steam?

A

Iron + steam —> iron oxide + hydrogen
3Fe + 4H2O —> Fe3O4 + 4H2

28
Q

Does copper react with cold water or steam? If not, how is this a benefit?

A

It does not react. This is one of the reasons why copper is suitable for making water pipes for household plumbing.

29
Q

When metals react with oxygen, is metal oxide the only product formed?

A

Yes!

30
Q

What are the observations for potassium reacting with oxygen?

A

-Burns with a lilac flame
-Produces a white solid

31
Q

What is the symbol and word equation for potassium and oxygen?

A

Potassium + oxygen — potassium oxide
4K + O2 —> 2KO2

32
Q

What are the observations when sodium reacts with oxygen?

A

-Burns with a yellow flame
-Produces a white solid

33
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when sodium reacts with oxygen?

A

4Na + O2 —> 2Na2O

34
Q

What are the observations when calcium reacts with oxygen?

A

-Burns with a bright red flame
-Produces a white solid

35
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when calcium reacts with oxygen?

A

2Ca + O2 —> 2CaO

36
Q

What are the observations when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A

-Burns with a bright white flame
-Produces a white solid

37
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

A

Magnesium + oxygen —> magnesium oxide
2Mg + O2 —> 2 MgO

38
Q

What are the observations when aluminium reacts with oxygen?

A

-Burns only when finely powdered producing a white solid

39
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when aluminium reacts with oxygen?

A

Aluminium + oxygen —> aluminium oxide
4Al + 3O2 —> 2Al2O3

40
Q

What are the observations when zinc reacts with oxygen?

A

-Burns producing a yellow solid which becomes white when cooling (powdered)

41
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when zinc reacts with oxygen?

A

2Zn + O2 —> 2ZnO

42
Q

What are the observations when iron reacts with oxygen?

A

-Iron filings burn with orange sparks
-Produces a black solid

43
Q

When can you see the reaction between iron and oxygen?

A

When a sparkler is burnt.

44
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when iron reacts with oxygen?

A

Iron + oxygen —> iron oxide
3Fe + 2O2 —> Fe3O4

45
Q

What type of oxide is Fe3O4?

A

A mixed oxide.

46
Q

What are the observations for copper reacting with oxygen?

A

-Red~brown copper turns red
-Burns with a blue~green flame
-Copper becomes covered with a black layer

47
Q

What is the symbol and word equation when copper reacts with oxygen?

A

2Cu + O2 —> 2CuO

48
Q

What happens when metals react?

A

They lose electrons to form positive ions.

49
Q

Finish this sentence: more reactive metals have a greater tendency to…

A

lose electrons and form positive ions.

50
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A displacement reaction is a reaction in which a more reactive metal takes the place of a less reactive metal in a compound.

51
Q

What are the observations when zinc and copper (II) sulfate react?

A

-Blue colour of copper (II) sulfate eventually turns colourless
-Heat released
-Red~brown solid forms (copper)

52
Q

What is an ore?

A

A rock that contains a metal compound from which the metal can be extracted.

53
Q

Form potassium (K) down to aluminium (Al) in the reactivity series, what extraction method is used?

A

Electrolysis.

54
Q

From zinc (Zn) to lead (Pb) in the reactivity series, what method of extraction is used?

A

By reduction with carbon or carbon monoxide.

55
Q

From copper (Cu) to gold (Au) in the reactivity series, what method of extraction is used?

A

Found naturally as the element, uncombined in nature.

GCSE CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 (3 decks)

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