Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

foundations > Red/Yellow Flags > Flashcards

Red/Yellow Flags Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 red flags according to Mennell

A 
Smallpox,
Influenza,
Genitourinary symptoms,
Prostate cancer,
acute kidney problems,
MS,
Parkinson's Disease,
TB,
Paget's Disease,
Appendicitis,
Sepsis - Bowel, Teeth, Tonsillitis,
Hemorrhoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 5 red flags according to Cyriax

A 
Backache with fever,
Neoplasm,
Root pain > 8 months of duration or with gross limitation of every movement, 
weak psoas major, 
afebrile, 
osteomyelitis, 
aortic occlusion, 
spinal claudication, 
STD Fasciitis, 
Multiple Root Palsy,
Forbidden Area (TL junction) pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Current Subjective findings that are red flags for patients are:

A

Gradual increase in pain with prolonged time versus disc pattern,
Expanding pain to multiple segments,
Elderly patient - presentation of rapid increase in pain or stiffness over 1-2 months,
Pain increases by cough,
Paresthesia all over body provoked by neck flexion,
Cord symptoms,
History of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Current Objective Articular Findings that are red flags are:

A

Painful restriction - full articular pattern over a short period of time,
Gross limitations of sidebending,
End Feel - Soggy, empty, or muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Current Objective Non-Articular Findings that are red flags are:

A

Unusual myotome involvement: excessive loss of power, 2-3 nerve root signs and symptoms, painless weakness, fatigable weakness, painful resisted weakness,
Distal before central symptoms
Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Guidelines for red flags acccording to Waddell in 2004

A 
Age less than 20 or greater than 50,
History and/or signs of serious trauma,
History of Neoplasm, 
Fever,
Neurological Deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The CSAG and AHCPR red flags are

A

Age of onset greater than 50 rather than greater than 55,
Pain that worsens in supine,
Severe Night Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the sign of the buttocks, hip flexion PROM is just as limited as _________ and _______ ranges of motion

A

SLR, trunk flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In the sign of the buttock there is painful weakness of hip ________

A

extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The sign of the buttock follows a _____ -_________ pattern of the hip

A

non-capsular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ in the buttock is unusual and is considered part of the sign of the buttock

A

swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Having an empty end feel in ______ is part of the sign of the buttock

A

flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Possible conditions associated with the sign of the buttock include:

A 
Rheumatic Bursitis,
Osteomyelitis of the upper femur,
Neoplasm of the upper femur,
Neoplasm of the ilium,
Fractured sacrum,
Ischiorectal Abscess,
Septic Sacroiliitis,
Septic Bursitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

These tests are misconstrued as the sign of the buttock

A

Kernig/Brudzinski Signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Brudzinski’s sign involves passive ________ flexion and produces flexion of the ______ and ________

A

neck, hips and knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Brudzinski’s sign is only seen in _______ cases of meningitis

A

severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kernig’s sign involves passive extension of the _______ while the ______ is flexed

A

knee, hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brudzinski’s sign involves passive neck _______ and produces _______ of the hips and knees

A

flexion, flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Kernig’s sign involves passive _______ of the knee while the hip is _________

A

extension, flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An aortic aneurysm is a _______ in the blood vessel

A

bulge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An AAA is induced by ______ ________ of the aortic wall that causes a dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel

A

progressive weakening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AAA typically takes place in what location?

A

under the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Although less common you can have a _______ Anerysm

A

thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

AAA can be caused by ____ _____ ______ such as Marfan’s Syndrome

A

Inherited genetic illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Possible causes of AAA include

A 
Emphysema, 
smoking, 
obesity, 
male gender, 
substantial blood pressure,
genetic elements
high cholesterol
26
Q

Name 5 Signs and Symptoms of AAA

A 
Hoarseness,
Bowel Obstruction, 
Chest or back discomfort,
discomfort in the jaw, neck, and upper back,
increased HR when going to a standing position,
excess weight loss,
nausea,
vomiting,
clammy skin, 
coughing up blood, 
anxiousness,
difficulty swallowing, 
coughing, 
difficulty breathing
27
Q

Treatment of AAA is typically

A

Stenting

28
Q

Most caudal roots arising from the lumbar spine are ________

A

separate

29
Q

Management of cauda equina is often _______ and ______

A

difficult and prolonged

30
Q

The cauda equina usually terminates at the ______ disc but may go as far from ______ to _____

A

L1/2 disc

T12 body to L3/4 disc

31
Q

The caudal spinal cord is termed the

A

conus medullaris

32
Q

The conus medullaris is continuous as a filament below the cauda equina known as the

A

filum terminale

33
Q

The dura and arachnoid meninges surround the filum terminale to the level of the ______ body

A

S2

34
Q

The first and second lumbar nerve roots has an angle of approximately __ to ___ degrees

A

70-80

35
Q

The third and fourth lumbar nerve roots have angulations of ___ degrees

A

60

36
Q

The fifth lumbar nerve root has an angle of __ degrees

A

45

37
Q

The first sacral nerve root has an angle of __ degrees

A

30

38
Q

The cauda equina can be impinged by

A

disc protrusion centrally,
tumor,
trauma

39
Q

Symptoms of cauda equina include:

A 
Loss of bowel and bladder patency,
LE weakness or loss of sensation,
Saddle anesthesia,
Low back pain,
Loss of reflex signs (lower motor neurons)
40
Q

Management of caude equina is a _________ _________

A

medical emergency

41
Q

Cauda equina needs to be surgically managed in ______ hours to be successful

A

48 hours

42
Q

Sensitive signs of Cauda Equina according to Dayo et al include

A

urinary retention,
unilateral/bilateral sciatica,
Sensory/Motor Deficits and reduced SLR,
Saddle Anesthesia

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of Cauda Equina according to Ng et al include

A 
Perineal Numbness,
Loss of Urinary Sensation,
Urinary Incontinence,
Absent Anal Tone,
Fecal Soiling,
Painful retention,
And Fecal Incontinence
44
Q

Any Pathology in the abdomen can present with _______ _______

A

back pain

45
Q

Simple _____ or ______ pain can mimic the pain of angina

A

thoracic or TL junction

46
Q

______ pain can be produced by multiple organs

A

thoracic pain

47
Q

Headaches are often _____ but occasionally _____

A

benign, serious

48
Q

Cancers most common in men and women

A

Stomach, lung men

Breast, cervix women

49
Q

Recognition of red herrings is often dependent on _____, ______, and _______ rather than rules

A

awareness, vigilance, and suspicion

50
Q

Do not over rely on red flag lists as they are clinical ______ but not absolute _____

A

indicators, rules

51
Q

95% of the time its a ______ ______ _____ but 5% have ______ related pain and 1% have ______ ______ ______ related to back pain

A

simple back ache, nerve, serious spinal pathology

52
Q

Yellow Flags Include:

A 
Exaggerated Responses (Waddell),
"wrong" amount of activity,
High stress, anger,
Increased static muscle tone, poor posture,
Poor diet,
Exercise Habits,
Excessive medications,
Litigation
53
Q

Yellow flag disorders include:

A

RA,
Osteoporosis,
Malignancy,
Dizziness

54
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis may lead to

A

ligamentous weakness and osteoporosis

55
Q

Current or long term use of anticoagulants or steroids can cause

A

bone absorption and ligamentous weakness

56
Q

These bones are especially vulnerable with osteoporosis

A

ribs

57
Q

These techniques must be used with care in osteoporosis

A

pressure techniques

58
Q

Osteoporosis is seen more commonly in

A

Menopausal women,
Laxative users,
Post gastrectomy,
Anticoagulant users

59
Q

In patients with malignancy careful ______ is not contraindicated as long as the possibility of metastasis has been thoroughly investigated and ruled out

A

mobilization

60
Q

You should be careful with dizziness if it is produced or aggravated by_____ _____ and this contraindicates the techniques involving _____

A

neck rotation, rotation

61
Q

Osteoporosis must be ______ before it is noted radiographically

A

severe

62
Q

When treating children, care needs to be taken with the _______, in areas of ______ ______

A

growth plates, incomplete ossification

foundations (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions