Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuromuscular Exam and Rehab Exam 1 > Red Flags, Vitals, and Lines > Flashcards

Red Flags, Vitals, and Lines Flashcards

1
Q

What can vital signs give us info on?

A
  • how a person’s cardio/pulmonary system and status as well as how other systems are working
  • how a person is responding to exercise and therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are normal ranges for adults? (BP, RR, HR, O2)

A

BP: 120/80
RR: 12-20 breaths per minute
HR: 60-100 beats per minute, average 60
O2: 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the force that blood exerts on a vessel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressure is highest in ______ than _____

A

arteries (top number)

veins (bottom number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the control center for blood pressure?

A

lower pons and upper medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors influence blood pressure?

A
  • blood volume
  • diameter and elasticity of the arteries
  • cardiac output
  • age
  • physical activity
  • Valsalva maneuver
  • orthostatic hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is hypertension? (range)

A

> 140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is prehypertension? (range)

A

129-130/80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hypotension? (range)

A

systolic less than 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a medical emergency for BP?

A

> 180/110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is respiratory rate?

A

functions to supply the body and organs with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some factors that can impact RR?

A
  • age
  • body size and structure
  • exercise
  • body position
  • environment
  • stress
  • pharmacology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is heart rate measuring?

A

wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pulse?

A

when the blood is forced out of the heart into a systemic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

slow heart rate, below 60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

fast heart rate, greater than 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some factors that can influence HR?

A
  • age
  • gender
  • stress
  • exercise
  • medications
  • heat and fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is intracranial pressure?

A

the pressure exerted by fluids inside the skull and on the brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can happen if ICP is too high?

A

brain can herniate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are signs of high ICP?

A

vomitting, headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is normal ICP?

A

4-15 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is mild hypertension ICP?

A

20-30 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is severe hypertension ICP?

A

> 39 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is hemoglobin measuring?

A

the amount of hemoglobin in RBCs that transports O2 throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are hemoglobin norms for males?

A

14-17 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are hemoglobin norms for females?

A

12-16 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the exercise restrictions on hemoglobin?

A

< 8 g/dL no exercise
8-10 g/dL light exercise
>10 g/dL resistive exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is hematocrit measuring?

A

% of RBCs throughout body

29
Q

What are norms of hematocrit for males?

A

40-51%

30
Q

What are norms of hematocrit for females?

A

36-47%

31
Q

What are the exercise restrictions on hematocrit?

A

< 25% no exercise
> 25% light exercise
> 35% resistive exercise

32
Q

What does the international normalizing ratio (INR) measure?

A

how well your blood clots

33
Q

What is normal INR?

A

.8-1.2

34
Q

WHat are the exercise restrictions with INR?

A

4: no increase in intensity
4-5: no resistance
5-6: no exercise
>6: bed rest

35
Q

What are the red flags of vitals?

A
  • BP > 180/90 mmHg
  • Labored breathing
  • O2 less than 90%
  • ICP > 39 mmHg
  • anemia: hemoglobin < 8 g/dL
  • when in double ALWAY ask and seek MD guidance
36
Q

What does an arterial catheter measure?

A

arterial blood pressure in real time

37
Q

Where does the arterial catheter go?

A

directly in the artery

38
Q

Is an arterial catheter or BP more accurate?

A

Arterial catheter

39
Q

What will happen if the arterial catheter is pulled?

A

Heavy bleeding, physicians have to replace it

40
Q

What can be limited depending on placement of the arterial catheter?

A

ROM (hip or wrist)
- in the hip limit to 60-80 degrees of hip flexion, which may limit the ability to sit

41
Q

What does an external ventricular drain measure?

A

ICP

42
Q

What does an external ventricular drain… drain?

A

CSF

43
Q

What needs to be done before mobilizing a patient with a EVD?

A

consult with healthcare

44
Q

What is a bolt?

A

real time measure of ICP
- hole drilled into the skull to measure

45
Q

What kind of patient typically has a bolt?

A

TBI

46
Q

What should we know about patients with Bolts?

A

typically too unstable to mobilize so PROM may be only option

47
Q

Why are patients with a bolt unable to participate in movement?

A

low GCS

48
Q

What is a swan-ganz catheter?

A

inserted into the neck and goes down large vein through the vena cava into the right atrium

49
Q

What does a central venous catheter (central line) do?

A

delivers medication directly into the circulatory system

50
Q

What is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)?

A

peripherally inserted into the vein and goes directly to heart. Used with longer course antibiotics.

51
Q

Should we pull on central or PICC lines?

A

NO

52
Q

What can pulling a central line cause?

A

arrhythmias or pneumothorax

53
Q

What is a ventalator?

A
  • used for people who cannot breathe on their own
  • usually and endotrachial tube
54
Q

When do patients usually get a tracheostomy?

A

if on vent for more than 14-21 days
- the tube goes to a hole in their neck directly itno the trachea

55
Q

What do patients with a vent or trach have an increased likelihood to do?

A

de sat - watch O2!

56
Q

If vent settings are high, high risk of ________

A

barotrauma

57
Q

Vents are not very ____

A

portable

58
Q

What is a high flow nasal cannula?

A

a way to give high amounts of oxygen to a patient without intubating

59
Q

What should we consider with a high flow nasal cannula?

A

how much buffer room
- can mobilize if they are not near max settings that would tax cardiopulmonary system

60
Q

What is the next step after a high flow nasal cannula?

A

intubation

61
Q

What is a fecal management system?

A

collects fecal matter into a bag and ofter with c-diff

62
Q

What is a foley catheter?

A

urine collection and gravity dependent
- can be foley, external or suprapubic

63
Q

Why could an SCI have problems with a foley catheter?

A

can often be noxious and cause autonomic dysreflexia

64
Q

Why do we not want to pull a Foley catheter?

A

messy, easy to pull, hurts

65
Q

What should we do with a foley catheter when performing PT?

A

keep below waistline

66
Q

What is a nasogastric tube?

A

through the nose to stomach feeding tube, short term solution

67
Q

What is a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)?

A

directly into the abdomen feeding tube, and a long term solution, common in patients with more severe injuries

68
Q

If someone has a feeding tube they are likely _____

A

NPO

69
Q

When is a feeding tube easy to pull?

A

when the patient is aggitated

Neuromuscular Exam and Rehab Exam 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions