Normal Task Analysis Flashcards
What is symmetry?
agreement of the external kinetics and kinematics of movement
What is speed in task analysis?
the rate of change or velocity of segment or body displacement from start to finish of a task
What is amplitude?
the extent or range of movement used to complete a task
What is alignment?
biomechanical relationship of body segment to one another as well as to the base of support and environment in order to achieve the task
What is verticality?
ability to orient the body in relation to the line of gravity
What is stability?
the ability to control the bodys COM in relation to the BOS under static and dynamic conditions
What is smoothness?
a movement is perceived to be smooth when it happens in a continual fashion without any interruptions in velocity or trajectory
What is sequencing?
SPecific order of motor output required to achieve the intended goal of the action
What is timing?
the overall temporal structure of movement that includes the relative percentage of time devoted to movement segments, including initiation, execution, and termination
What is accuracy?
the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value; freedom from error
What is symptom provocation?
an observation or patient report of symptoms movement that evokes a particular response
What is postural control?
controlling the body position in space for stability and orientation
What is postural orientation?
ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and body environment for tasks
What is postural stability?
balance, ability to control COM over BOS
What does normal postural control rely on?
musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems and the ability to coordinate muscles to maintain stability
What 3 tasks does normal mobility require?
- motion in a desired direction - progression
- postural control - stability
- ability to adapt to the environment - adaptation
What is normal with quiet stance?
a small amount of postural sway and remain upright
Where is the vertical midline with quiet stance?
- the mastoid process
- point joins in front of the shoulder joints
- just behind hip joints
- point just in front of the center of the knee joints
- a point in front of the ankle joints
What can alignment minimize?
the effect of gravitational forces which can pull off center
What is required to keep the body upright against gravity?
a certain level of muscle tone
There is a considerable amount of variability in seated alignment particullary in the _________ plane
sagittal
What kind of posture do a lot of adults assume when seated?
kyphotic posture
What will cause muscle activity to vary with sitting?
- location and degree of external support
________ is not controlled as a single segment and required a complex coordination of muscle activity
Trunk
What is “ an important mobility skill because of rotation or partial rotation being a part of other movement patterns”
ROLLING
What do we need rolling for?
supine to sit and getting out of bed
What happens to rolling patter as humans mature?
goes from log roll to a segmental rolling pattern
What is the most common pattern used by adults to move from supine to prone?
- The shoulder girdle initiates the movement with a lift and reach pattern along with the head and trunk and unilateral lift of the leg
What should we do when reteaching rolling as a therapist?
use variability!!!!
What does the inability to go from supine to standing cause?
represents a pbarrier to recovery of normal function
What are the variants to be able to go from supine to standing?
- momentum to move the body to vertical
- stability to control the COM as it changes BOS from supine to eventually standing
- ability to adapt according to the changing environment
What is a common pattern for supine to standing?
- pushing with the arms at the side of the bed, flexing the head and trunk, pushing into partial sit and rolling up into stance
- sacrifices stability
What is the push off pattern for supine to standing?
rolling to the side and coming to a symmetrical sitting position prior to standing
- harder to generate but gives greater stability
As infants how do we get from supine to standing (from floor)?
as infants we use a prone to quadruped technique then pulling
What age do we start using an adult like symmetrical pattern when going from supine to standing from the floor?
by age 4-5
What are 3 common mature patters for supine to stand from the floor for neurologically intact individuals?
- symmetrical movement pattern of the trunk and extremities and assuming a symmetrical squat to come to a vertical
- same as above but asymmetric squat on rising
- asymmetric use of the UEs, partial rotation of the trunk then coming to half kneel
What influences the strategy someone will use when going from supine to standing from the floor?
- ability to generate force and strength spefically in the abdominals and hip flexors
What is sitting to standing dependent on?
- generating enough torque needed to rise
- ensuring stability by moving the COM from the chair/surface to the feet
- the ability to modify strategies depending on the environment (chair height, armrests, compliant surface)
What is the first phase of the common 4 phase technique for sitting to standing?
- weight shift or flexion momentum phase-forward momentum of the upper body through flexion of the trunk. erector spinae contract eccentrically to control
What is the 2nd phase of the common 4 phase technique for sitting to standing?
- begins when the bottom leaves the seat and there is a transfer of momentum from upper body to total body. Horizontal and vertical of the body. Inherently unstable and requires co-contraction of hip and knee extensors
What is the 3rd phase of the common 4 phase technique for sitting to standing?
- lift of extension phase - extension of the hips and knees and goal is for the body to move forward
What is the 4th phase of the common 4 phase technique for sitting to standing?
- stabilization - extension is complete and body is stabilized
What force is used in the momentum strategy for sitting to standing?
less stable but more force is used to stand
What does the momentum strategy for sitting to standing require?
- strength and coordination to generate upper body force prior to lift off
- the ability to eccentrically contract trunk and hip muscles to slow the horizontal movement of the COM
- concentric contraction of hip and knees to generate force to lift the body
What is the zero momentum strategy for sitting to standing?
alternative is to add stability but must be able to generate enough force to achieve lift off
What does the zero momentum strategy require?
- flexing the trunk to bring the COM well within the BOS of the feet
- LE forces to lift off the body
