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NMSK I > Red Flags/Vitals > Flashcards

Red Flags/Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

_____, ______, ______, and _____ all give vital information of a person’s cardio/pulmonary system and status as well as how other systems are working

A

HR
BP
O2
RR

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2
Q

Vitals can also give you information of how a person is responding to ______ and _______

A

exercise; therapy

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3
Q

Normal BP range

A

120/80 mmHg

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4
Q

Normal RR

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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5
Q

Normal HR range?

A

60-100 bpm, avg. 60

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6
Q

Many stroke patients suffer from ____________ disease which caused CVA

A

cardiovascular

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7
Q

_______ is the #1 risk factor for ischemic stroke

A

Afib

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8
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

force that blood exerts on the vessel wall

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9
Q

BP is higher in the ______ (top #) than the ______ ( bottom #)

A

arteries
veins

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10
Q

With BP, the control center is in the _______ ______ and _______ ______

A

lower pons
upper medulla

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11
Q

Factors that influence BP:
______ volume
_______ and _________ of the arteries
________ output
______
physical ________
___________ maneuver
_____________ ___________

A

Blood
diameter; elasticity
cardiac
age
activity
valsalva
orthostatic hypotension

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12
Q

Hypertension: > _____/______

A

140/90

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13
Q

Prehypertension: ____-______/_____-______

A

120, 139
80-89

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14
Q

Hypotension: systolic < _______

A

100

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15
Q

Medical emergency: > ______/______

A

180, 110

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16
Q

Hemmorhage, ________ can reduce BP

A

dehydration

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17
Q

Increase blood volume CHF can cause increased ______

A

BP

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18
Q

Increased ______ and _______ increase BP along with narrowing of arteries

A

arth; plaques

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19
Q

BP
More output = increased _______

A

pressure

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20
Q

Late adolescents BP reaches adults norms _________ rises after birth and reaches _______ in late adolescents

A

gradually
peak

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21
Q

Exercise increases cardiac output which will increase BP, no change in _______ but increase in ______

A

DBP
SBP

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22
Q

When a patient exercises, if there is less than a ____ point rise in SBP, that is an indication to stop!

A

10

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23
Q

Valsalva: causes _______ in BP when breath is released and causes _______ in BP and HR to compensate for the drop

A

decrease
increase

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24
Q

With orthostatic hypertension: drop in BP secondary to ______ _______, prolonged ________, and _________ response

A

bed rest
immobilization
gravitational

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25
Q

_________ ___________: function is to supply the body and organs with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory Rate

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26
Q

Factors that influence RR:

A

Age
body size and structure
exercise
body position
environment
stress
pharmacology

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27
Q

RR is faster during _______ and __________, slow into ________ 12-20 breaths

A

infants
childhood
adulthood

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28
Q

Larger individulals have a smaller ______ ______ that increases RR

A

vital capacity

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29
Q

RR increases with what activity

A

exercise

30
Q

With RR, laying flat increases pressure at the _________

A

diaphragm

31
Q

Depressants will _______ respiration and there are drugs to increase such as _______

A

decrease
Albuterol

32
Q

Heart Rate is a wave of blood in the artery created by contraction of the ________ ________ during a cradiac cycle

A

left ventricle

33
Q

________ is when blood is forced out of the heart into systemic system

A

Pulse

34
Q

Bradycardia: _______ heart rate, below ____ bpm
Tachycardia: ______ heart rate, greater than ______ bpm

A

slow, 60
fast, 100

35
Q

Factors that influence HR

A

Age
Gender
Stress
Exercise
Medications
Heat and fever

36
Q

Fetal HR: ____-_____ bpm
Newborn HR: _____-_____ bpm

A

120, 160
70, 170

37
Q

Males HR is typically ______ than females
Stress can ______ HR
HR _______ with exercise to provide additional blood flow to mm.

A

lower
increase
increases

38
Q

ICP pressure is exerted by fluids ( _____ ) inside the skull on ______ tissue

If pressure is too high, the brain can ________

A

CSF
brain
herniate

39
Q

Increased ICP signs?

A

vomitting and the “worst headache ever”

40
Q

ICP values:
Normal: ___-_____ mmHg
Mild Hypertension: ____-______ mmHg
Severe Hypertension: > ______ mmHg

A

4, 15
20, 30
39

41
Q

Amount of hemoglobin in _____ that transports ____ throughout the body

A

RBCs
O2

42
Q

Male Hb: ____-______ g/dL
Female: ___-_____ g/dL
< 8 g/dL: ____ _______
8-10 g/dL: ______ _________
> 10 g/dL ______ ________

A

14, 17
12, 16
no exercise
light exercise
resistive exercise

43
Q

______ (Hct): % of RBCs throughout the body
Male: ____-______%
Female: _____-_______%
< ____% no exercise
> ___% light exercise
> _____% resistive exercise

A

Hematocrit
40, 51
36, 47
25
25
35

44
Q

INR: how well your ______ ________

Normal: ___-_____
___ : no increase in intensity
___ : no resistance
__-___: no exercise
> ____: bed rest

A

blood clots
0.8-1.2
4
4-5
5-6
6

45
Q

Red flags:
BP > ______/_______ mmHg
Labored ________
O2 less than _____%
ICP > ____ mmHg
______ : hemaglobin < 8 g/dL
INR: > ___

A

180, 90
breathing
90
39
anemia
5

46
Q

Arterial catheter (Art line)
Measures ______ ______ ______ in real time
Goes ______ into the artery
More accurate than _____
If it’s pulled, will cause ______ ________
_______ has to replace it

A

arterial blood pressure
directly
BP
heavy bleeding
physician

47
Q

With an arterial line, depending on the placement (hip or wrist) could limit _____

A

ROM

48
Q

If the arterial catheter is placed in the hip, it’s limited to ___-____ degrees of hip flexion and may limit the ability to sit

A

60, 80

49
Q

External ventricular drains measures _____ and drains _______

A

ICP
CSF

50
Q

A _____ is real time measure of ICP, typically seen in _______

A

bolt
TBI

51
Q

A central venous catheter (central lines)
is also called a Swan-Ganz catheter: inserted into the _______ and goes down the large ______ through the ______ ______ into the right ________

A

neck
vein
vena cava
atrium

52
Q

A peripherally inserted catheter (PICC) : peripherally inserted into the _____- and goes directly into the ______. Used with longer course ______

A

vein
heart
antibiotics

53
Q

If you pull a PICC line, it may cause ________ or ________

A

arrhythmias, pneumothorax

54
Q

Ventilator
Usually by an _________ _______

A

endotracheal tube

55
Q

If a patient is on a vent for more than 14-21 days, patients usually get a ___________ where the tube goes to a hole in their neck directly into the trachea

A

tracheostomy

56
Q

Ventilators are not very _______, so may need respiratory therapist to assist

A

portable

57
Q

With ventilator, there is a increased likelihood to ___ ______ so watch O2

A

de sat

58
Q

There is a high risk of _____________ if vent settings are too high

A

biotrauma

59
Q

With the ventilator, consider how much ______ room with settings and how much they are safely _____ _______ on settings

A

buffer
be moved

60
Q

A high flow nasal cannula is a way to give high amounts of _______ to a patient without needing to _______

A

oxygen
intubate

61
Q

With high flow nasal cannula: can mobilize if they are not near _______ settings that would tax ________ system

A

maximum
cardiopulmonary

62
Q

What is the last step before intubation?

A

high flow nasal cannula

63
Q

The fecal management system collects fecal matter into a bag and often used with __-______

A

c-diff

64
Q

A foley catheter collects urine and is ________ _________

A

gravity dependent

65
Q

Types of catheters can be _______, ________, or ________

A

foley, external, suprapubic

66
Q

With catheters involving SCI, it can often be ______ and cause autonomic _________

A

noxious
dysreflexia

67
Q

With a foley catheter, you must keep it below ________

A

waistline

68
Q

Nasogastric Tube (NG): goes through the _______ and to the ________ (short term solution)

A

nose
stomach

69
Q

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG): goes directlly into the _________ and is a ______ term solution

A

abdomen
long

70
Q

A PEG tube is common in patients with more _______ _______

A

severe injuries

71
Q

If someone has a feeding tube, they are most likely ________

A

NPO

72
Q

If a patient is NPO on the feeding tube, you should not what?

A

give them food or water

NMSK I (9 decks)

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