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NMSK I > CVA Intro and Clinical Syndromes > Flashcards

CVA Intro and Clinical Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

Stroke is sudden loss of ___________ function and caused by an ________ of blood flow to the brain

A

neurological
ischemic

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2
Q

__________: occurs secondary to thrombosis, embolism, or hypoperfusion (affects 80% with stroke)

A

Ischemic

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3
Q

_________: occurs when blood vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or around the brain

A

hemorrhagic

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4
Q

Deficits after a stroke at least ____ hours

A

24

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5
Q

With stroke, ________ and early _______ management indicates impairment

A

location, acute

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6
Q

With a stroke, some spontaneous improvement may occurs as _________ _______ (reversible ischemic neurological deficit)

A

swelling reduces

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7
Q

With stroke, may lead to lasting _______

A

disability

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8
Q

What is the leading cause of long-term disability in the US?

A

stroke

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9
Q

Younger women has less risk of stroke, but _____ ______ have an increased prevalence

A

older 85+

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10
Q

________ _________ have twice the risk of first stroke

A

African Americans

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11
Q

Which strokes account for the largest number of deaths?

A

hemorrhagic

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12
Q

Risk factors of stroke

A

Hypertension (HTN)
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
disorders of heart rhythm
high blood cholestrol and other lipids
smoking/tabacco use
heart disease

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13
Q

Modifiable risk factors of stroke

A

cigarette smoking
physical inactivity
obesity
diet

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14
Q

Early Warning Signs of Stroke
“BE FAST”

A

balance- headache/dizziness/loss of balance
eyes- blurred vision
face- drooping
arms- weakness
speech- difficulty
time- call ambulance

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15
Q

With ACA syndrome:
Contralateral __________ (LE is more involved)
Controlateral ___________ _________ (LE is more involved)

A

hemiparesis
hemisensory loss

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16
Q

Stroke incidence _______ with age

A

increases

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17
Q

What is the 5th leading cause of death?

A

Stroke

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18
Q

With the MCA Syndrome
Contralateral hemiparesis ( _____ and ______ is more involved)
Contralateral __________ _______ (UE and face is more involved)

A

UE, face
hemisensory loss

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19
Q

ACA syndrome the patient will experience urinary __________

A

incontinence

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20
Q

Patients with ACA syndrome have issues with imitation and ___________ tasks, _______

A

bimanual
apraxia

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21
Q

Patients with ACA syndrome, have symptoms of: akinetic _______, _________, lack of __________, motor ________

A

mutism
slowness
spontanety
inaction

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22
Q

Which two reflexes with ACA syndrome, will the patient have?

A

contralateral grasp
sucking

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23
Q

What two speech impairments exist with MCA syndrome?

A

Motor
Receptive

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24
Q

What aphasia exist with MCA syndrome?

A

Global

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25
Q

A person with MCA syndrome will have _____ deficits and ____-_____ apraxia

A

perceptual
limb-kinetic

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26
Q

MCA syndrome can cause contralateral __________ __________

A

homonymous hemianopsia

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27
Q

With MCA syndrome, there will be issues of _______ ______ of contralateral limbs

A

sensory ataxia

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28
Q

Apraxia is difficulty with _______ and ________ movements that cannot be accounted for by any other reason

A

planning
sequencing

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29
Q

What are the two types of apraxia?

A

Ideational
Ideomotor

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30
Q

___________ : inability of the patient to produce movement either on command or automatically and represents a complete breakdown in the conceptualization of the task

A

ideational

31
Q

_________ : the patient is unable to produce a movement on command, but he or she is able to move automatically

A

ideomotor

32
Q

Apraxia is more evident with ____ _________ damage

A

left hemisphere

33
Q

Damage to the Broca’s Area will cause what aphasia?

A

Expressive, non-fluent aphasia, agraphia

34
Q

With expressive, non-fluent aphasia, agraphia, the patient can’t _______ but can…?

A

speak
understand you

35
Q

Damage to the Broca’s Area, will result in limited _______, _____, and ________ speech

A

vocabulary
slow
hesitant

36
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s Area will cause what aphasia?

A

Fluent aphasia, alexia

37
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s Area, there will be impaired ______ ________, but normal ______ and ________

A

auditory comprehesnion
rate, melody

38
Q

With fluent aphasia, alexia, the patient cannot….?but can…?

A

understand what you’re saying/asking

speak

39
Q

Global aphasia will cause ________ speech and poor ___________

A

nonfluent
comprehension

40
Q

With PCA syndrome in the central territory, that patients symptoms include:

Central postroke ( _________ ) ____ syndrome

Spontaneous _____ and ________, ________ impairments

________ movements

Contralateral ________
_________ nerve palsy

A

thalamic, pain
pain, dysethesias, sensory
involuntary
hemiplegia
oculomotor

41
Q

With PCA syndrome in the peripheral territory, that patients symptoms include:

Contralateral _______ _______

Bilateral ______ ______ with some degree of macular sparing

Visual ________

_______________

_________________

__________ deficit

_____________ disorientation

A

homynonymous hemianopsia

homynonymous hemianopsia

agnosia

Prosopagnosia

Dyslexia

Memory

Topographic

42
Q

Lacunar strokes occur in the _______ and known as a “ _______ _______”

A

diencephalon
silent stroke

43
Q

Lacunar strokes are caused by _______ _______ disease in the cerebral ______ matter

A

small vessel

white

44
Q

With lacunar stroke, syndromes are consistent with specific __________ __________

A

anatomical sites

45
Q

With lacunar strokes, syndromes can be ______, ______, etc

A

motor
sensory

46
Q

With lacunar strokes, high _______ ________ are preserved, so deficits in consciousness, language, or visual fields are not seen

A

cortical areas

47
Q

Vertebrobasilar Artery Syndrome: * Occlusions of this system can produce a wide variety of symptoms with both _________ and ________ signs

A

ipsilateral
contralateral

48
Q

With VBAS, symptoms involving ipsilateral and contralateral signs occur because why?

A

some brainstem tracts will have crossed and some will not have crossed yet

49
Q

With VBAS, __________ and ______ _______ abnormalities are present

A

cerebellar
cranial nerve

50
Q

Lateral Medullary Syndrome is also called ___________ syndrome

A

Wallenberg’s

51
Q

With Lateral Medullary Syndrome/Wallenberg’s Syndrome: damage is caused at the __________ artery

A

PICA

52
Q

With Lateral Medullary Syndrome/Wallenberg’s Syndrome: there is loss of ______ and ________ at the contralateral side of the body and ipsilateral face

A

pain
temperature

53
Q

Symptoms of Lateral Medullary Syndrome/Wallenberg’s Syndrome ?

A

Dizziness/Vertigo
Ataxia
Diplopia
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Horner’s Syndrome

54
Q

Horner’s Syndrome:
Damage is caused at the ________ _________

A

sympathetic trunk

55
Q

With Horner’s syndrome _______, ______, ______ on the ipsilateral side

A

miosis
ptsosis
andihidrosis

56
Q

What two D’s will someone will Horner’s Syndrome experience?

A

Dysphagia
Dysphonia

57
Q

With Horner’s syndrome, there will be ________ impairment to the UE, trunk, or LE

A

sensory

58
Q

With Horner’s syndrome, there could be impaired _______ and ________ sense over 50% of the body and sometimes the face contralateral to the lesion

A

pain
thermal

59
Q

With Locked In Syndrome, there is damage caused at the ______ artery affecting the ______ ______

A

basilar
ventral pons

60
Q

With Locked In Syndrome, they are _________/___________- paralyzed

A

tetraplegic
quadriplegic

61
Q

With Locked In Syndrome, there could be bilateral _______ ________ palsy (upward gaze spared)

A

cranial nerve

62
Q

With Locked In Syndrome, they are basically in a _______ state and _______ is spared

A

coma
cognition

63
Q

Acute management
________
____________
__________

A

medical
pharmacological
neurosurgical

64
Q

Physical therapy examination
________/_______
_________ review
________ and ________

A

client/patient history
systems
tests, measures

65
Q

Order of treatment
1.
2. (possible referral)
3.
4.
5.
6.

A

Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
Outcomes

66
Q

Examination purpose: Screen for benefit of __________ ________ and most appropriate _________ _________

A

rehabilitation services
care setting

67
Q

Develop a plan of care
- ________
- __________
- ___________
- __________

A

Goals
Expected outcomes
Prognosis
Interventions

68
Q

When developing a POC, you want to measure _______ towards goals/outcomes

A

measure

69
Q

An examination can determine if _______ to another practitioner is needed

A

referral

70
Q

Examination can help you plan for _________

A

discharge

71
Q

Patient/Client History Elements. Name a good majority.

A
  • Goals
  • Communication & cognition screen
  • Age, sex, race, language, education, etc.
  • Social history
  • Occupation/employment
  • Living environment/work barriers
  • Hand dominance
  • General health status
  • Family history
  • Medical/surgical history
  • Medications
  • Medical/laboratory test results
  • Premorbid functional activity level
72
Q

Systems review
_________ : sensory function, coordination, and balance
__________: motor function
____________/__________: vital signs
____________: skin

A

Neuromuscular
Musculoskeletal
Cardiovascular/Pulmonary
Integumentary

73
Q

When sequencing your exam, focus on _________ and _________ along with _______ ________/ _______ ________

A

participation, activities
body function, structure limitations

NMSK I (9 decks)

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