Red Eye Flashcards
List the main conditions that cause a red eye
Conjunctivitis Keratitis Anterior uveitis Scleritis Acute closed-angle glaucoma Haemorrhage Orbital cellulitis
What is blepharitis?
Inflamed eyelids
List the two main causes of anterior blepharitis
Seborrheic scales on lashes
Staphylococcal infection involving lash follicle
List the main cause of posterior blepharitis
Meibomian (tarsal) gland dysfunction
How do the appearances of anterior + posterior blepharitis differ?
Anterior: red lid margin
Posterior: red in deep part of lid
List signs of seborrheic anterior blepharitis
Red lid margin
Scales
Dandruff
Seborrheic dermatitis
List signs of Staphyloccoal anterior blepharitis
Red lid margin
Distorted/loss of lashes
Styes, ulcers
Corneal staining
List signs of posterior blepharitis (Meibomian gland dysfunction)
Normal lid margin + skin Swelling Dried secretions Chalazia (Meibomian cyst) Acne rosacea
Meibomian cysts can induce astigmatism. True/False?
True
Outline treatment of blepharitis
Lid hygiene (bathing, warm massage) Supplementary teardrops Oral doxycycline for 2-3 months
List clinical features of conjunctivitis
Red, gritty eye Discharge Itch Papillae or follicles Chemosis (oedema)
What are papillae and which type of conjunctivitis are they seen in?
Tiny bubble-wrap-like lumps with central red dot
Bacterial conjunctivitis
What are follicles and which type of conjunctivitis are they seen in?
Diffuse redness with grainy rice-like aggregations
Viral/chlamydial conjunctivitis
Vision is usually unaffected in conjunctivitis. True/False?
True
Watery discharge is associated with bacterial/viral conjunctivitis and sticky discharge is associated with bacterial/viral discharge
Watery discharge is associated with viral conjunctivitis and sticky discharge is associated with bacterial conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis does not require treatment. True/False?
True
Usually self-limiting and resolves within 14 days, but can use antibiotic to speed up recovery
Describe the pattern of disease symptoms in bacterial conjunctivitis
Symptoms begin in one eye but spread to both
What is the 1st line antibiotic treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol eye drops
What are Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers associated with?
Contact lenses
List clinical features of corneal ulcers
Severe needle-like pain Photophobia Profuse watering Circumcorneal redness Hypopyon
How does exposure keratitis arise?
Dryness of cornea e.g. thyroid, VII palsy
Which disease is keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with?
Sjogren’s disease
Deficiency in which vitamin can lead to dry eyes?
Vitamin A
How are corneal ulcers treated?
Identify cause with corneal scrape + Gram stain
Antimicrobial if bacterial (ofloxacin)
Antiviral if herpetic (acyclovir)
Anti-inflammatory if autoimmune
Anterior uveitis is synonymous with the term iritis. True/False?
True
Essentially inflammation of anterior chamber of the eye
List clinical features of anterior uveitis
Pain Vision may be reduced Photophobia Circumcorneal red eye Ciliary injections Hypopyon
Outline management of anterior uveitis
Topical steroids
Mydriatics
Antimicrobial if infection
Which conditions are associated with episcleritis?
Gout
IBD
Where does inflammation occur in episcleritis?
Between conjunctiva and sclera
Scleritis is much more serious than episcleritis - list clinical features
Severe eye pain with radiation
Violaceous hue - injection of deep vascular plexus
Tender globe
Assoc. uveitis
What is a diagnostic test for scleritis?
Phenylephrine drops - constricts blood vessels
Outline treatment of episcleritis
Usually self-limiting
Lubricants
Topical NSAID
Mild steroid
Outline treatment of scleritis
Oral NSAID
Oral steroid
Hyperaemia is present in (select all that apply): Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Discharge is present in (select all that apply): Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Conjunctivitis
Uveitis (minimal)
The pupil is affected in (select all that apply): Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Uveitis (constricted)
Glaucoma (moderate dilation)
Vision is affected in (select all that apply): Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis (maybe)
There is pain in (select all that apply): Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Keratosis
Uveitis
Glaucoma
Scleritis
The cornea is hazy in (select all that apply): Conjunctivitis Subconjunctival haemorrhage Keratosis Uveitis Glaucoma Scleritis
Keratosis
Uveitis (maybe)
Glaucoma
Scleritis
