Red eye Flashcards
3 main causes of red eye?
Anterior uveitis
Acute closed angle glaucoma
Conjunctivitis
Write out the features of each of the three causes of acute red eye?
Conjunctivitis:
- mild pain
- photophobia
- N visual acuity
- N cornea
- N pupil
- N IOP
Anterior uveitis:
- moderate pain
- photophobia
- reduced visual acuity
- N cornea
- Small pupil
- N IOP
Acute closed angle glaucoma:
- severe pain
- no photophobia
- reduced visual acuity
- hazy cornea
- fixed mid-dilated pupil
- raised IOP
Which of these is painful, why?
Anterior uveitis
Posterior uveitis?
Anterior, because supplied by V1 of facial nerve
Posterior is not
What is anterior uveitis?
inflammation in anterior chamber, which consists of iris, ciliary body, choroid
Causes of anterior uveitis?
Seronegative arthropathies
- IBD related
- Psoriatic
- Ank Spond
- Reactive
Granulomatous disease:
- Sarcoidosis
- Syphilis
Bechet’s (multisystem vasculitis, mouth ulcers)
Investigations of anterior uveitis?
Talbot’s test +ve: pain on convergence
Slit lamp:
- keratic precipitates
- hypopyon
- aqueous cells and flares
- posterior synechiae
Check HLA-B27
Check IOP
Management of anterior uveitis?
- Steroid drops: prednisolone
2. Cycloplegic drops (mydriatic) keeps pupil dilated and prevents lens + iris adhering
What are some infective causes of anterior uveitis?
HSV
Toxoplasma
Treponema Pallidum (syphilis)
What is the pathophysiology of conjunctivits?
Inflammation of the conjunctiva which is the mucous membrane which covers the eye and inside of eyelids
Causes of conjunctivitis? How can you differentiate?
Viral - adenovirus - follicles on conjunctiva
Bacterial - often staph species or strep pneum - purulent discharge
Allergic - papillae on upper eyelid
Management of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Usually self-limiting
Lubricant eye drops OTC
Hygiene, wash hands, don’t share pillows etc
If need be can use chloramphenicol
or fusidic acid
Management of viral conjunctivitis?
When would you worry?
Supportive
Lubricant eye drops
Hygiene
Management of allergic conjunctivitis?
Supportive
Avoid allergen
Topical anti-histamines: antazoline
Sodium cromoglycolate: mast cell stabiliser
