Pupils

Question 1

What is the difference between afferent and efferent pupillary defect?

Answer 1

Afferent: damage to retina or optic nerve so the eye can’t see light, so it doesn’t constrict when light is shone

Efferent: damage to 3rd nerve or sphincter muscle which means eye can see light but pupil doesn’t constrict because of nerve or muscle not working

Question 2

What makes pupil dilate and consrict?

Answer 2

Sympathetic makes pupil dilate (fight and flight, need to see more so dilates)

Parasympathetic makes pupil constrict:

Question 3

What is RAPD?

AKA?

Answer 3

Marcus Gunn pupil

Swinging light test

Affected pupil constricts when light is shone at healthy eye but appears to dilate when light is shone at affected eye.

Question 4

Causes of RAPD?

Answer 4

Retinal detachment

Optic neuritis: MS