Red book Flashcards
abhorrent
offensive to the mind
adj.令人憎恶的
abjure
formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure
v.发誓弃绝；公开放弃
abolition
the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)
n.废除；废止
abortive
failing to accomplish an intended result adj.失败的；流产的；发育不全的
abound
be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities v.富于；充满
abstinent
self-restraining; not indulging an appetite especially for food or drink adj.饮食有度的；有节制的；禁欲的
acarpous
producing no fruit adj.[植]不结果的；无果实的
acedia
apathy and inactivity in the practice of virtue (personified as one of the deadly sins) n.倦怠；漠然
acidic
being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of less than 7) adj.酸的；酸性的
acolyte
someone who assists a priest or minister in a liturgical service; a cleric ordained in the highest of the minor orders in the Roman Catholic Church but not in the Anglican Church or the Eastern Orthodox Churches n.（教士的）助手；侍僧
acrid
strong and sharp;”the pungent taste of radishes” adj.苦味的；辛辣的；尖刻的
acuity
sharpness of vision; the visual ability to resolve fine detail (usually measured by a Snellen chart) n.尖锐；敏锐；激烈
adamant
very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem adj.坚定不移的；固执的
addle
mix up or confuse v.使腐坏；使昏乱
adherent
someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another n.追随者；拥护者；信徒
adversary
someone who offers opposition n.敌手；对手
adverse
in an opposing direction adj.不利的；逆向的；有害的
adversity
a state of misfortune or affliction n.不幸；灾难；逆境
advert
give heed (to) n.广告
aerate
expose to fresh air vt.充气；使通气
affiliate
join in an affiliation n.分公司；附属机构
affront
a deliberately offensive act or something producing the effect of deliberate disrespect n.侮辱
aggrieve
cause to feel sorrow vt. 使 … 受屈； 使 … 苦恼
agoraphobic
suffering from agoraphobia; abnormally afraid of open or public places adj.广场恐怖的
aleatory
dependent on chance adj.碰运气的；侥幸的；偶然的
amass
collect or gather v.积聚；收集
amenable
disposed or willing to comply adj.顺从的；通情达理的；经得起检验的；对…负有义务的
analogous
similar or equivalent in some respects though otherwise dissimilar adj.类似的
anguish
extreme distress of body or mind n.苦闷；痛苦
animadvert
express blame or censure or make a harshly critical remark vi.苛责；非难
animosity
a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility n.憎恶；仇恨
anneal
bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling v.韧化；(使)退火；锻烧
anterior
of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body adj.前面的；前部的；较早的
antiquarian
of or relating to antiques or antiquities n.古物研究者；古玩收藏家
aphorism
a short pithy instructive saying n.格言；警语
aplomb
great coolness and composure under strain n.自信；沉着；镇静
apocryphal
being of questionable authenticity adj.伪的；不足凭信的
apparition
a ghostly appearing figure n.鬼；幽灵；幻影
approbation
official approval n.认可；赞许
aquiline
curved down like an eagle’s beak adj.鹰的；似鹰的；钩状的
arraign
accuse of a wrong or an inadequacy vt.[律]传讯；审问；指责
arrant
without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers adj.彻头彻尾的；极端的；臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的
arson
malicious burning to destroy property n.纵火；纵火罪
artifice
a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture) n.诡计；欺骗；技巧
ascetic
someone who practices self denial as a spiritual discipline adj.禁欲的
ashen
anemic looking from illness or emotion adj.灰色的；苍白的
asinine
devoid of intelligence adj.驴的；像驴的；愚蠢的
askance
with suspicion or disapproval adv.斜视地；怀疑地；不赞许地
assoil
pronounce not guilty of criminal charges vt.赦免；释放；补偿
asterisk
a star-shaped character * used in printing n.星号(*)
atonal
characterized by avoidance of traditional western tonality adj.(音乐)无调的；不成调的
atrocity
an act of atrocious cruelty n.暴行；残暴
attrition
the act of rubbing together; wearing something down by friction n.摩擦；消耗；人员耗损
attune
adjust or accustom to; bring into harmony with v.使协调；使调和；调音
augury
an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come n.预言；征兆；占卜
auspices
kindly endorsement and guidance n.赞助；前兆
azure
of a deep somewhat purplish blue color similar to that of a clear October sky n.天蓝色；碧空
backdrop
scenery hung at back of stage n.背景幕；背景
balderdash
trivial nonsense n.胡言乱语；废话
bale
a large bundle bound for storage or transport n.包；捆；灾祸；不幸
ballyhoo
blatant or sensational promotion n.大肆宣传
balm
semisolid preparation (usually containing a medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for soothing an irritation n.香油；药膏
balmy
mild and pleasant adj.芳香的；温和的；疯狂的；古怪的
bamboozle
conceal one’s true motives from especially by elaborately feigning good intentions so as to gain an end v.欺骗；隐瞒；迷惑
bawl
cry loudly v.大叫；大哭；大声训斥
bearing
characteristic way of bearing one’s body n.轴承；举止；忍受；支撑物；影响
boisterous
full of rough and exuberant animal spirits adj.喧闹的；狂暴的
bonanza
an especially rich vein of precious ore n.富矿带；带来好运的事物；暴富之源
cantankerous
stubbornly obstructive and unwilling to cooperate adj.脾气坏的；好争吵的；难相处的
castigate
inflict severe punishment on v.惩罚；严厉批评；谴责
chorale
a stately Protestant (especially Lutheran) hymn tune n.赞美诗；合唱队
circuitous
deviating from a straight course adj.迂回的；绕行的
circumspect
heedful of potential consequences adj.细心的；慎重的
circumvent
surround so as to force to give up vt.绕行；设法避开；围住
clamor
utter or proclaim insistently and noisily n.喧嚷；大声的要求
clutter
a confused multitude of things vt.弄乱；混乱
coalesce
fuse or cause to grow together v.合并；联合；接合
commend
present as worthy of regard, kindness, or confidence v.推荐；称赞；嘉奖；把 … 托付给
commingle
mix or blend v.混合；掺和
concede
give over; surrender or relinquish to the physical control of another vt.承认；给予；让步；认输
conciliatory
making or willing to make concessions adj.调和的；安抚的
congenial
suitable to your needs adj.同性质的；适意的；趣味相同的；友善的
congruent
corresponding in character or kind adj.合适的；一致的；全等的
conscientious
characterized by extreme care and great effort adj.认真的；谨慎的；负责的
consign
give over to another for care or safekeeping vt.交付；放逐；委托
consort
keep company with; hang out with n.（君王的）配偶；一组(古乐器)；一组(演奏几世纪前音乐的乐师)
constituent
an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system n.成分；选民；构成物
contention
the act of competing as for profit or a prize n.争论；争辩；争夺；论点
contravene
go against, as of rules and laws v.违反；相抵触；否定
contrite
feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses adj.悔悟了的；后悔的；痛悔的
contrive
make or work out a plan for; devise v.图谋；发明；设计；设法做到
copious
large in number or quantity (especially of discourse) adj.丰富的；大量的；(指作家)多产的
countenance
the appearance conveyed by a person’s face n.面容；面部表情；支持
counterfeit
not genuine; imitating something superior n.膺品；伪造品
crisscross
a marking that consists of lines that cross each other v.交叉；来回移动
culpable
deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious adj.该责备的；有罪的
deciduous
(of plants and shrubs) shedding foliage at the end of the growing season adj.每年落叶的；非永久性的；（牙齿或角等）定期脱落的；蚂蚁交合后脱落翅膀
decimate
kill one in every ten, as of mutineers in Roman armies v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死；使骤减
decrepit
worn and broken down by hard use adj.破旧的；衰老的
deleterious
harmful to living things adj.有害的
delimit
set, mark, or draw the boundaries of something vt.定界限；划界
demur
take exception to v.提出异议；反对；拖延
deplore
express strong disapproval of vt. 悲叹； 谴责； 对 … 深感遗憾
deploy
place troops or weapons in battle formation v.部署；展开；进入战斗位置；配置
deprave
corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality vt.使堕落；使恶化；使腐败
deprecate
express strong disapproval of; deplore v.声明不赞成；抨击；反对
deprecatory
tending to diminish or disparage adj.不赞成的；自嘲的
derelict
a person without a home, job, or property adj.抛弃的；玩忽职守的
deterrent
something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress adj.威慑的
devious
deviating from a straight course adj.迂回的；弯曲的；不正直的；狡猾的
dilapidated
in deplorable condition adj.破旧的；荒废的；快要倒塌的
dilate
become wider v.使扩大；扩大；膨胀；详述
discreet
marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint adj.谨慎的；不引人注意的；朴素的，简易的
discrete
constituting a separate entity or part adj.不连续的；分离的
disparage
express a negative opinion of vt.蔑视；贬损
disparate
fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind adj.不同的；异类的
distraught
deeply agitated especially from emotion adj.心烦意乱；忧心如焚的；发狂的
drone
an unchanging intonation n.雄蜂；游手好闲者；无人驾驶飞机
eccentric
conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual adj.古怪的；反常的；不同圆心的
effete
marked by excessive self-indulgence and moral decay adj.贫瘠的；衰弱的；无能力的
elicit
call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) vt.引出；诱出；探出
encumber
hold back v.妨害；阻害
enrage
put into a rage; make violently angry vt.激怒；使暴怒
enthral
hold spellbound v.迷惑；吸引住；奴役
episodic
of writing or narration; divided into or composed of episodes adj.插曲式的；偶然发生的；短暂的；由一系列片段组成的
erratic
liable to sudden unpredictable change adj.古怪的；飘忽不定的；不稳定的
erudite
having or showing profound knowledge adj.博学的
erudition
profound scholarly knowledge n.博学；学识
espouse
choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans vt.支持；赞成；嫁娶
ethereal
characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; as impalpable or intangible as air adj.天上的；飘逸的；精致的；飘渺的；乙醚的
eulogistic
formally expressing praise adj.颂扬的(歌颂的；称赞的)
evade
avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues) v.逃避；躲避；规避
evince
give expression to v.表明；表示
exacerbate
make worse vt.加重(使 … 恶化；激怒)
excise
remove by cutting n.货物税；消费税
exemplar
something to be imitated n.模范
exempt
(of persons) freed from or not subject to an obligation or liability (as e.g. taxes) to which others or other things are subject adj.免除的
expedient
appropriate to a purpose; practical adj.权宜的；有用的
expository
serving to expound or set forth adj.说明的；解释的
exterminate
kill en masse; kill on a large scale; kill many vt.消灭；扑灭；根绝
extol
praise, glorify, or honor v.颂扬；称赞
facetious
cleverly amusing in tone adj.（常为不当地）引人发笑的；诙谐的
facile
arrived at without due care or effort; lacking depth adj.易做到的；轻易完成的；麻利的
fallow
left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season adj.休耕的；不活跃的
farce
a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations n.闹剧；胡闹；滑稽戏
feckless
generally incompetent and ineffectual adj.软弱的；无用的；不负责任的
ferment
cause to undergo fermentation n.发酵；酵素；动乱
festive
offering fun and gaiety adj.欢乐的；节日的；喜庆的
finicky
exacting especially about details adj.过分挑剔的；苛求的；过分讲究的
flabby
out of condition; not strong or robust; incapable of exertion or endurance adj.软弱的；松弛的；没气力的；不稳的
flagrant
conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible adj.恶名昭著的；明目张胆的
flaunt
display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously v.挥动；夸耀；（厚颜无耻地）炫耀；飘扬；张扬
flickering
shining unsteadily adj.闪烁的(摇曳的；忽隐忽现的；扑动的)
florid
elaborately or excessively ornamented adj.过分装饰的；华丽的；红润的
flounder
walk with great difficulty v.挣扎；踌躇；笨拙而错乱地说或做
flout
treat with contemptuous disregard v.藐视；轻视；嘲笑
folly
the trait of acting stupidly or rashly n.愚蠢；荒唐事
forebode
make a prediction about; tell in advance v.预兆；预感
forestall
keep from happening or arising; make impossible v.领先；占先一步；先发制人，阻止，妨碍
forested
covered with forest v.森林的
forfeit
lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime n.没收物；罚金；丧失
forlorn
marked by or showing hopelessness adj.孤独的；凄凉的；渺茫的
forte
an asset of special worth or utility n.[C, sing]长处；特长；优点；[音乐]强音记号
fortitude
strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage n.刚毅；坚毅；不屈不挠
fortuitous
occurring by happy chance adj.偶然的；幸运的
fractious
easily irritated or annoyed adj.脾气不好的；易怒的；表示不满的；捣乱的
frail
physically weak adj.脆弱的；虚弱的
frivolous
not serious in content or attitude or behavior adj.轻佻的；妄动的；琐碎的；无足轻重的
frugal
avoiding waste adj.节俭的；省钱的
fulsome
unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech adj.虚伪的；令人生厌的
furtive
secret and sly or sordid adj.偷偷的
fussy
exacting especially about details adj.过分装饰的；谨慎的；挑剔的；唠叨的，抱怨的
graft
(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient n.嫁接；移植；贪污；努力
grating
unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound n.格子；格栅；[物]光栅
gratuitous
unnecessary and unwarranted adj.无缘无故的；无必要的；免费的
gregarious
instinctively or temperamentally seeking and enjoying the company of others adj.爱社交的；群居的
gripping
capable of arousing and holding the attention adj.扣人心弦的；引人入胜的
hackneyed
repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse adj.（指词语﹑ 言辞等）陈腐的；老生常谈的
headstrong
habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition adj.顽固的；刚愎的；任性的
heinous
extremely wicked, deeply criminal adj.可憎的；十恶不赦的
herald
(formal) a person who announces important news n.使者；传令官；先驱；预兆
hitherto
used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time adv.到目前为止；迄今
hoard
a secret store of valuables or money n.贮藏
hyperbole
extravagant exaggeration n.夸张法
hypochondriac
a patient with imaginary symptoms and ailments n.忧郁病患者
idiomatic
of or relating to or conforming to idiom adj.地道的；成语的；符合语言习惯的
igneous
produced by the action of fire or intense heat adj.(指岩石)火成的；火的；似火的
ignoble
completely lacking nobility in character or quality or purpose adj.平民的；卑贱的；卑鄙的；不光彩的
ignominious
(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame adj.可耻的；不名誉的
ignominy
a state of dishonor n.(尤指公开的)羞耻；屈辱
imbue
spread or diffuse through v.灌输；使感染；使充满
immaculate
completely neat and clean adj.洁白的；无瑕疵的；无过失的
imminent
close in time; about to occur adj.逼近的；即将发生的
immodest
having or showing an exaggerated opinion of your importance, ability, etc adj.自高自大的；不谦虚的；不端庄的
impecunious
not having enough money to pay for necessities adj.没有钱的；身无分文的；贫穷的
impede
be a hindrance or obstacle to vt.妨碍；阻止
impediment
something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress n.障碍；阻碍；口吃
imperturbable
not easily perturbed or excited or upset; marked by extreme calm and composure adj.沉着的；泰然自若的；镇静的
impiety
unrighteousness by virtue of lacking respect for a god n.不恭敬(尤指对上帝和宗教)；不孝
impolitic
not politic adj.不明智的；失策的
impound
place or shut up in a pound v.扣押；没收；蓄水；关在栏中
improvident
not provident; not providing for the future adj.不顾将来的；无远见的；不节约的；不经济的
imprudent
not prudent or wise adj.轻率的；不谨慎的
impudent
improperly forward or bold adj.无礼的；鲁莽的；卑鄙的
impugn
attack as false or wrong v.责难；抨击；对…表示怀疑
impunity
exemption from punishment or loss n.不受惩罚；免罚
inane
devoid of intelligence adj.愚蠢的；空虚的；无意义的
incandescent
emitting light as a result of being heated adj.光亮的；炽热的；白热化的；暴怒的
incapacitate
make unable to perform a certain action v.使不能；使不适于
incipient
only partly in existence; imperfectly formed adj.起初的；初期的
incisive
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions adj.一针见血的；敏锐的
incorrigible
impervious to correction by punishment adj.无药可救的；积习难改的；固执的
indefatigable
showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality adj.不知疲倦的；不屈不挠的
indict
accuse formally of a crime v.起诉；控告；指控
indigenous
originating where it is found adj.土生土长的；本地的；天生的
indigent
poor enough to need help from others adj.贫穷的；贫困的；欠缺的
indolent
disinclined to work or exertion adj.懒惰的；慢性的
inducement
a positive motivational influence n.诱因；动机
ineptitude
unskillfulness resulting from a lack of training n.不适当；愚笨；愚昧的言行
inexorable
not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty adj.无情的；不可阻挡的；坚决不变的
infest
occupy in large numbers or live on a host v.侵扰；猖獗；寄生于
inflict
impose something unpleasant vt.使遭受；施以；加害；折磨
infuse
fill, as with a certain quality vt.注入；使获得；鼓舞；泡制；倾注（液体）
ingenious
showing inventiveness and skill adj.机灵的；精巧的；有独创性的
ingenuous
lacking in sophistication or worldliness adj.天真的；单纯的；率直的；坦白的
ingrate
a person who shows no gratitude adj.忘恩的；忘恩负义的
ingratiating
capable of winning favor adj.讨好的；奉承的
iniquitous
characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin adj.不正的；不法的；邪恶的
injurious
harmful to living things adj.有害的；中伤的
innocuous
not injurious to physical or mental health adj.无害的；无毒的；无关痛痒的
insidious
working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way adj.隐伏的；暗中为害的；阴险的；诱人上当的；（疾病等）不知不觉恶化的
insinuate
give to understand v.暗示；迂回进入；迂回进行；含沙射影的说
insipid
lacking interest or significance or impact adj.没有味道的；枯燥乏味的
insolent
marked by casual disrespect adj.粗野的；无礼的；厚颜的；无耻的
insoluble
(of a substance) incapable of being dissolved adj.[化]不能溶解的；不能解决的
insubordinate
not submissive to authority adj.不顺从的；反抗的
insurgent
in opposition to a civil authority or government adj.叛乱的；起义的
interpolate
insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby v.加入(额外的事)；窜改；插话
intransigent
impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason adj.不妥协性的
introspective
given to examining own sensory and perceptual experiences adj.反省的；内省的
inure
cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate v.(使)习惯
irascible
quickly aroused to anger adj.易怒的；暴躁的
irate
feeling or showing extreme anger adj.发怒的；生气的
iridescent
varying in color when seen in different lights or from different angles adj.彩虹色的；闪光的
irredeemable
insusceptible of reform adj.（指政府年金；债券或股票等）不能藉偿还而终止的；（指纸币)不能兑换成硬币的；不能恢复的；不能挽救的
irresolute
uncertain how to act or proceed adj.优柔寡断的；踌躇不定的；无决断的
itinerant
traveling from place to place to work adj.巡回的；流动的
jaded
exhausted adj.疲倦不堪的；厌倦或缺乏热情的
jest
activity characterized by good humor n.说笑；玩笑
misalliance
an unsuitable alliance (especially with regard to marriage) n.不适当的结合；不适当的婚姻
misdirect
lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions v.指错方向；误用；误导；给(陪审团)错误指示
misery
a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune n.痛苦；悲惨的境遇；苦难
misogyny
hatred of women n.厌女症；厌恶女人
moratorium
suspension of an ongoing activity n.暂停；延期偿付；延期偿付期间
mordant
harshly ironic or sinister adj.尖酸的；有腐蚀性的
munificent
very generous adj.慷慨的；大方的
mural
a painting that is applied to a wall surface adj.墙壁的；挂在墙壁上的
negligent
characterized by neglect and undue lack of concern adj.疏忽的；粗心的；不在意的
negligible
so small as to be meaningless; insignificant adj.可以忽略的；微不足道的
noncommittal
refusing to bind oneself to a particular course of action or view or the like adj.态度暧昧的；含糊的
notate
put into notation, as of music or choreography vt. 把 … 写成标志
obfuscate
make obscure or unclear v.弄暗；使模糊；使困惑
oblique
slanting or inclined in direction or course or position–neither parallel nor perpendicular nor right-angled adj.间接的；斜的；拐弯抹角的；不光明正大的
obsolescent
becoming obsolete adj.即将过时的；废退的
obviate
do away with v.排除；消除；避免
odious
unequivocally detestable adj.可憎的；讨厌的；令人作呕的
officious
intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner adj.多管闲事的；乐于助人的
opportune
suitable or at a time that is suitable or advantageous especially for a particular purpose adj.合时宜的；适当的
opprobrious
expressing offensive reproach adj.嘴不干净的；辱骂的；臭名昭著的
optimum
most desirable possible under a restriction expressed or implied adj.最佳的；最适宜的
overbear
bear too much v.威压；压服；超过
overblown
puffed up with vanity adj.停息的；盛开过的；夸张的；过分的；肥大的
overt
open and observable; not secret or hidden adj.公开的；明显的；公然的
overwrought
deeply agitated especially from emotion adj.过分劳累的；过度兴奋的；过分紧张的
paean
(ancient Greece) a hymn of praise (especially one sung in ancient Greece to invoke or thank a deity) n.欢乐歌；赞美歌
painstakingly
in a fastidious and painstaking manner adv.费力地；苦心地
pantomime
a performance using gestures and body movements without words n.哑剧；童话剧；哑剧演员；手势
pecuniary
relating to or involving money adj.金钱上的；金钱的
pedant
a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit n.学究；卖弄学问者；空谈家；墨守成规的人
pedantry
an ostentatious and inappropriate display of learning n.迂腐；拘泥于形式；卖弄学问
pejorative
expressing disapproval n.轻蔑语
penchant
a strong liking n.喜好(倾向)
perquisite
an incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment (especially if it is regarded as a right) n.额外补贴；临时津贴
pesticide
a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects) n.杀虫剂；农药
pestilential
likely to spread and cause an epidemic disease adj.引起瘟疫的；有害的
plainspoken
using simple and direct language adj.老实说的；直言无隐的；率直的
pliable
capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out adj.易曲折的；柔软的；圆滑的
pliant
capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out adj.易受影响的；易弯的
plunge
dash violently or with great speed or impetuosity v.使投入；跳入；栽进；下降，急降，突降
poise
hold or carry in equilibrium n.平衡；姿态；镇静
ponderous
having great mass and weight and unwieldiness adj.笨重的；笨拙的；乏味的
pounce
move down on as if in an attack v.猛扑；突然袭击；抓住；撒吸墨粉
precipitous
extremely steep adj.险峻的；突然的；急躁的
preclude
make impossible, especially beforehand vt.阻止；排除
predispose
make susceptible v.(使)易罹患；(使)预先偏向于
preempt
acquire for oneself before others can do so v.以优先购买权获得；先占；(桥牌中)先发制人地叫牌；优先；取代
premonition
an early warning about a future event n.（不祥的）预感
prescient
perceiving the significance of events before they occur adj.预知的；有先见之明的
preservative
tending or having the power to preserve n.防腐剂；预防法；预防药
prestigious
having an illustrious reputation; respected adj.享有声望的；声望很高的；魔术的
prig
a person regarded as arrogant and annoying n.一本正经的人；自命不凡者；道学先生；小偷
pristine
immaculately clean and unused adj.原始的；未受损的；清新的；纯朴的
proclivity
a natural inclination n.倾向；癖性
prodigal
recklessly wasteful adj.挥霍的；(物产等)丰富的；慷慨的
prodigious
so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe adj.巨大的；惊人的；奇异的
propagate
multiply sexually or asexually v.繁殖；增殖；传播；传送
propitiate
make peace with v.慰抚；劝解；取悦
propitious
presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success adj.有利的；适合的；吉利的
proprietary
protected by trademark or patent or copyright; made or produced or distributed by one having exclusive rights adj.专利的；所有权的
propriety
correct or appropriate behavior n.适当；正当；得体
proscribe
command against v.禁止；放逐；排斥；剥夺…的公权
proselytise
convert to another faith or religion v. =proselytize
prostrate
stretched out and lying at full length along the ground adj.卧倒的；拜倒的；瓦解的；无能为力的
pugnacious
tough and callous by virtue of experience adj.好斗的
puncture
pierce with a pointed object; make a hole into n.刺穿；刺孔
quixotic
not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic adj.唐吉诃德式的；狂想家的；不切实际的
racy
marked by richness and fullness of flavor adj.(文章等)活泼的；生动的；独特风味的；不雅的
ranching
farming for the raising of livestock (particularly cattle) n.牧场
rancid
(used of decomposing oils or fats) having a rank smell or taste usually due to a chemical change or decomposition adj.有腐臭油脂味的；腐臭的；令人作呕的
rancor
a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will n.敌意；恨意
ravage
cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly v.毁坏；破坏；掠夺
rave
talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner v.极力赞扬；说胡话；咆哮
recalcitrant
stubbornly resistant to authority or control adj.反抗的；顽强的
recapitulate
summarize briefly v.扼要重述
recede
pull back or move away or backward vi.后退；减弱
recklessness
the trait of giving little thought to danger n.不顾后果；鲁莽
recoil
spring back; spring away from an impact v.退却；畏缩；弹回；报应
recondite
difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge adj.深奥的；难解的；隐藏的
recount
narrate or give a detailed account of vt.详述；列举；重新计算
recourse
act of turning to for assistance n.依赖；求助；追索权
rectify
make right or correct vt.改正；[化]精馏；[电]整流
