Recovery & reorganisation after brain damage Flashcards
Gratiolet (1860) first observed that what mature more rapidly in the left hemisphere?
Sulci & gyri
Geschwind & Levitsky found that what is 1cm longer in the left than right temporal lobe?
Planum temporale
Sun et al (2006) found that some what are expressed differently in the two hemispheres?
Genes
Lesions in the left hemisphere cause…
language deficits.
What is lateralisation?
The localisation of function on either the right or left sides of the brain.
What three factors can influence the organisation of the brain hemispheres?
Handedness
Sex
Environment
Amputees may claim that they can feel their amputated limb being touched by touching what instead?
This is known as…
The face
sensory plasticity.
Each hemisphere has the potential to…
take over the other hemispheres roles after damage.
What are the 3 main pieces of evidence for plasticity?
Sensory plasticity
Learning
Memory
What are the two types of brain recovery?
Functional plasticity
Structural plasticity
What is functional plasticity?
Ability of the brain to move functions to another area.
What is structural plasticity?
Ability of the brain to change its physical structure.
Which type of plasticity is not seen in the adult CNS?
Structural plasticity
What are the two main mechanisms of plasticity?
Long term potentiation
Long term depression
What is long term potentiation?
A long lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission.
What is long term depression?
A long lasting reduction in synaptic transmission.
What is the first sign of reorganisation/recovery?
Short-term widespread activation
How can paralysed patients activate the brain areas used in performing an action.
By imagining doing the action
Long term potentiation is responsible for…
learning & memory.
Neuronal reorganisation may be the result of which 3 mechanisms?
Spontaneous recovery
Compensation
Transcallosal dysinhibition
Aphasics who recover tend to have less _______ _______ than those who do not.
widespread activation
What is transcallosal inhibition?
The immediate result of the brain to cause disinhibition (activate) to the homologue area of the damaged region.
