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Neuropsychology > Recovery & reorganisation after brain damage > Flashcards

Recovery & reorganisation after brain damage Flashcards

1
Q

Gratiolet (1860) first observed that what mature more rapidly in the left hemisphere?

A

Sulci & gyri

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2
Q

Geschwind & Levitsky found that what is 1cm longer in the left than right temporal lobe?

A

Planum temporale

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3
Q

Sun et al (2006) found that some what are expressed differently in the two hemispheres?

A

Genes

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4
Q

Lesions in the left hemisphere cause…

A

language deficits.

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5
Q

What is lateralisation?

A

The localisation of function on either the right or left sides of the brain.

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6
Q

What three factors can influence the organisation of the brain hemispheres?

A

Handedness
Sex
Environment

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7
Q

Amputees may claim that they can feel their amputated limb being touched by touching what instead?

This is known as…

A

The face

sensory plasticity.

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8
Q

Each hemisphere has the potential to…

A

take over the other hemispheres roles after damage.

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9
Q

What are the 3 main pieces of evidence for plasticity?

A

Sensory plasticity
Learning
Memory

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10
Q

What are the two types of brain recovery?

A

Functional plasticity

Structural plasticity

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11
Q

What is functional plasticity?

A

Ability of the brain to move functions to another area.

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12
Q

What is structural plasticity?

A

Ability of the brain to change its physical structure.

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13
Q

Which type of plasticity is not seen in the adult CNS?

A

Structural plasticity

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14
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of plasticity?

A

Long term potentiation

Long term depression

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15
Q

What is long term potentiation?

A

A long lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission.

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16
Q

What is long term depression?

A

A long lasting reduction in synaptic transmission.

17
Q

What is the first sign of reorganisation/recovery?

A

Short-term widespread activation

18
Q

How can paralysed patients activate the brain areas used in performing an action.

A

By imagining doing the action

19
Q

Long term potentiation is responsible for…

A

learning & memory.

20
Q

Neuronal reorganisation may be the result of which 3 mechanisms?

A

Spontaneous recovery
Compensation
Transcallosal dysinhibition

21
Q

Aphasics who recover tend to have less _______ _______ than those who do not.

A

widespread activation

22
Q

What is transcallosal inhibition?

A

The immediate result of the brain to cause disinhibition (activate) to the homologue area of the damaged region.

Neuropsychology (4 decks)

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