Reconstruction

Question 1

13th Amendment

Answer 1

December 1865:
Slavery prohibited in U. S.;
(27 states i.e. 8 southern states) Rejected by 12 southern states until Feb. 1867

Question 2

14th Amendment

Answer 2

July 1868: (Johnson)
Overturns Dred Scott,
Citizenship for all natural born citizens,
Equal protection

Question 3

15th Amendment

Answer 3

Ratified March 1870 (Ulysses S. Grant)

Denial of franchise b/c of race, color, or past servitude; Right to vote (franchise, suffrage)

Question 4

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 4

After the fall of Robert E. Lee, escaped with less than 30,000 of his men to Appomattox where he was forced to surrender to Grant who let all the men go home. Officially ended Civil War

Question 5

Lincoln’s Presidential Reconstruction Plan

Answer 5

10% - loyalty oath for voting except for Confederacy (state, Federal Office), Reunion the Unions

Question 6

Johnson’s Presidential Reconstruction Plan

Answer 6

Need to abolish slavery

Question 7

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 7

1864: Denied right to vote or hold for office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy; not accepted by Lincoln.

Question 8

Tenant Farming

Answer 8

Landowners only provide house and land, gets cash or % or crop; very small profit, bigger than Sharecropping

Question 9

White League

Answer 9

1874, Louisiana).

Many members previously participated in Colfax Massacre in 1867, which was to ambush African Americans

Question 10

Congressional/Radical Reconstruction

Answer 10

Thaddeus Stevens/Charles Sumner:

• Punish South: 1868-1876
• Supported by military rule (South divides into five military districts)
• Civil Rights bills passed
• States must ratify 14th Amendment (extended citizenship to former slaves)
• State constitution i. e. guarantee or full suffrage to freedom
• 15th Amendment (right to vote for freedmen)

Question 11

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Answer 11

Four statues aka Reconstruction Acts after the Civil War. Five military districts were created in seceded states; each district was headed by military officials empowered to appoint state officials; voters (white/free A.A.) to be registered; states were to draft new Constitutions providing of A.A. male suffrage; states required to ratify 14th Amendment

Question 12

Civil Rights Acts of 1875

Answer 12

Law required “full and equal” access to jury service, to transportation, and public accommodations; irrespective of race

Question 13

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 13

Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishment for the South. Leader of Radical Republicans in Congress

Question 14

Carpet-baggers

Answer 14

Northerners who went to the South immediately after Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantages from disadvantaged Southern states

Question 15

Scalawags

Answer 15

White Southerners who supported Republican policy throughout the Reconstruction

Question 16

Knights of White Camelia

Answer 16

May 1867 in Louisiana). Mostly upperclass (doctors, lawyers, wealthy landowners; Run by Alcibiades DeBlanc

Question 17

Amnesty Act of 1872

Answer 17

Federal law passed-

Reversed most penalties imposed on former Confederates (14th Amendment)

Question 18

Compromise of 1877

Answer 18

1876 Presidential election between Republican, Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat, Samuel J. Tilden. Hayes won election for president in exchange for removing Federal troops from the South, ended Reconstruction

Question 19

Freedmen

Answer 19

Former slaves

Question 20

Blanche Bruce

Answer 20

1st A.A. senator to serve full term (1875-81); Former slave to become plantation owner; also had A.A. sharecroppers

Question 21

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 21

April 1866). Passed by Congress, though vetoed by President Andrew Johnson. Declared all persons born in United States were now citizens regardless to race, color, or previous condition

Question 22

President Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 22

Corruption occurred during presidency. Many political scandals occurred, though not involved in any first term

Question 23

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 23

Involved poor white farmers and tenant farmers; terrorized A.A. to keep from obtaining civil rights

Question 24

Credit Mobilier Scandal of 1870

Answer 24

When Railroad construction company’s stockholders used funds that were supposed to be used to build the Union Pacific Railroad construction. Instead was used for personal use. To avoid being convicted, stockholders bribed Congressional members and the President.

Question 25

Hayes-Tilden Election (1876)

Answer 25

One of the closest elections in U.S. history. Candidates Rep. Rutherford B. Hayes and Dem. Samuel J. Tilden. Tilden won popular vote, returns from contested several southern states. Hayes won presidential election, removal of federal troops in southern states, ending Reconstruction

Question 26

Liberal Republicans

Answer 26

1872). During Corruption and scandals, Republican reformers from Grant’s administration, organized this branch (Republican Party)

Question 27

Black Codes

Answer 27

Southern laws designed to restrict rights of newly freed African American slaves.

Question 28

Ku Klux Klan Act

Answer 28

Authorized president to use federal military force to suppress conspiracies to deprive citizens of the right to vote and enjoy equal protection of the law.

Question 29

Hiram Revels

Answer 29

1st African American senator to serve partial term (1870-71), was independently wealthy

Question 30

Robert E. Lee

Answer 30

Confederate general who opposed secession and didn’t believe Union should be held together by force

Question 31

Red Shirts

Answer 31

1875 in SC). Terrorized African Americans throughout the South from 1875 to 1900; towards the very end of Reconstruction era.

Question 32

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 32

1865-72). Making good on Sherman’s promise of 40 ares and a mule; vetoed by Johnson from 1856-66.

Question 33

Sharecropping

Answer 33

Landowner provided everything (seeds, house, land, animals, etc.); very little cash to go around - cycle of poverty.