Reconstruction

Question 1

A political group within the U.S. Republican Party post-Civil War, advocating for strict Reconstruction policies in the South and strong civil rights for freed slaves.

Answer 1

Radical Republicans

Question 2

Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict African Americans’ freedom and compel them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

Answer 2

Black Codes

Question 3

Constitutional amendments that abolished slavery, granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., and prohibited voter discrimination based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude, respectively.

Answer 3

13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments

Question 4

Legislation that established all persons born in the U.S. as national citizens who are to enjoy equal rights, which was passed over President Andrew Johnson’s veto.

Answer 4

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 5

A federal law intended to restrict the power of the President to remove certain office-holders without the Senate’s approval, leading to President Andrew Johnson’s impeachment.

Answer 5

Tenure of Office Act

Question 6

Leading figures among the Radical Republicans, both were instrumental in pushing for abolition and Reconstruction policies aimed at ensuring civil rights for freed slaves.

Answer 6

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

Question 7

The process was used against President Andrew Johnson, primarily over his opposition to Radical Republican policies and his violation of the Tenure of Office Act, making him the first U.S. president to be…

Answer 7

Impeachment

Question 8

A series of laws passed to establish the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union, including dividing the South into military districts and requiring states to ratify the 14th Amendment.

Answer 8

Reconstruction Acts

Question 9

erms for Northern Republicans who moved to the South during Reconstruction to profit or politically benefit from the instability (a) and Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party (b).

Answer 9

Carpetbaggers (a) and Scalawags (b)

Question 10

Laws passed to protect African Americans’ voting rights and to curb the activities of white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction.

Answer 10

Enforcement Acts

Question 11

The 18th President of the United States, whose administration was marked by efforts to protect the civil rights of African Americans during Reconstruction.

Answer 11

U.S. Grant

Question 12

Founder of the New York Tribune and the Liberal Republican Party’s nominee in the 1872 presidential election against Ulysses S. Grant.

Answer 12

Horace Greeley

Question 13

(a) was notable for Ulysses S. Grant’s re-election against Horace Greeley. (b) election ended Reconstruction with Rutherford B. Hayes’ controversial victory and the Compromise of 1877.

Answer 13

Election of 1872 and 1876

Question 14

Southern Democrats who aimed to regain political power and enforce white supremacy, effectively ending Reconstruction efforts by the late 1870s.

Answer 14

Redeemers

Question 15

An unwritten deal that resolved the 1876 presidential election impasse and resulted in the federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, ending Reconstruction.

Answer 15

Compromise of 1877

Question 16

The institutionalized system of racial segregation enforced in the South after Reconstruction and the ideological movement that sought to justify the Confederacy’s actions and uphold white supremacy.

Answer 16

Segregation and “Lost Cause

Question 17

Figures associated with promoting the “New South” vision, which aimed at economic modernization while maintaining the social status quo of racial segregation.

Answer 17

Henry Grady, Joel Chandler Harris, and the New South

Question 18

Methods and legal rulings that effectively disenfranchised African Americans and legitimized segregation, undermining the gains made during Reconstruction.

Answer 18

Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause, Plessy Vs. Ferguson, Civil Rights Cases

Question 19

Prominent African American leaders with contrasting approaches to dealing with racial injustices; (a) advocated for immediate civil rights, whereas (b) promoted vocational education and economic self-reliance.

Answer 19

WEB Du Bois (a) and Booker T. Washington (b)

Question 20

established by Booker T. Washington, emerged as a cornerstone in African American education, advocating for vocational training and economic self-reliance among Black Americans in the aftermath of the Civil War. The institution also became the backdrop for the notorious Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which exposed deep racial injustices in medical research and led to critical reforms in U.S. bioethics and patient consent practices. Beyond its educational achievements, Tuskegee’s legacy is further cemented by its alumni, including the innovative scientist George Washington Carver and the heroic Tuskegee Airmen, who collectively advanced the civil rights movement by challenging racial segregation and discrimination in American society

Answer 20

Tuskegee University

Question 21

founded in 1909, is a key civil rights organization in the U.S., formed to combat racial discrimination and violence. It has been central to major civil rights achievements, including the fight against segregation and the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case, advocating for the equality of rights and the well-being of all individuals.

Answer 21

NAACP

Question 22

initiated in 1905, was a precursor to the NAACP, founded by leaders like W.E.B. Du Bois. It opposed racial segregation and inequality, advocating for political and civil rights for African Americans, and rejecting the accommodationist approach of Booker T. Washington. The movement laid the groundwork for subsequent civil rights activism by emphasizing education, suffrage, and economic equality.

Answer 22

Niagara Movement