Reconstruction

Question 1

Lincoln Plan

Answer 1

Pardon all Confederate leaders
Rapid re-admission back in
10% swear an oath of allegiance
13th Amendment - Abolished slavery, must acknowledge

Question 2

Radical Plan

Answer 2

Equality for black people - fight against South resistance
Ironclad oath of allegiance - 50% or more
Punish Confederate leaders
13th Amendment
No rapid re-admission into Congress - rads want control of Congress
Military Reconstruction - strips power of local authorities

Question 3

Power struggle between Johnson and the Radicals

Answer 3

Andrew Johnson wants to win over Moderates and push them to be Conservative. Radicals want and get the majority of Congress in 1866 Congressional Election so that Johnson can no longer veto any of their bills (Civil Rights Act, Freedman’s Bureau) without the Republican Congress overriding it.

Question 4

13th Amendment

Answer 4

abolition of slavery, south resists with black codes

Question 5

14th Amendment

Answer 5

equal protection for all people regardless of race or gender. ¾ of states need to ratify → gets ratified.

Question 6

15th Amendment

Answer 6

Male minorities are given the right to vote → Radicals try and protect Black men’s right to vote. South makes unfair literacy test to resist.

Question 7

Black Codes

Answer 7

The south’s attempt to resist federal laws (federal vs state)
strong restrictions for Black people: curfews, movement, starts segregation
Radicals want to pass civil rights bill that allows black people to be citizens

Question 8

Jim Crow laws

Answer 8

Segregation

Question 9

KKK

Answer 9

Hate group that attacked black people in the South

Question 10

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 10

Assists and helps South with shelters, food, supplies
Radicals wanted the military to bring them down, Johnson vetoed this because of this language
First argument between Radicals and Johnson
Putting the military in the south during peacetime would look too controlling.

Question 11

Civil Rights Bill 1866

Answer 11

Radicals try to pass Civil Rights bill to pass to allow Black people to be considered citizens
Johnson vetoes due to language → allows both men AND women
Radicals paint him as racist

Question 12

Johnson’s Campaign in 1866

Answer 12

Radical Republicans are trying to get seats, Johnson campaigns for Democrats
Johnson does Circle tour to campaign for Democrats - Radicals view him as racist
Radicals get control of Congress in November, pass reconstruction act

Question 13

Sharecropping

Answer 13

Quota system of crops, no money.
Black people agree to it because there’s nowhere else to go. Owners house the farmers and let them farm to meet quota (ex: 25 cotton) and farmers can sell extra. If they don’t make it, they can get kicked off, pay it off, or get it pushed to the next year.
“Economic slavery” farmers can’t escape. Makes farmers in debted to owner. Owners own them financially.

Question 14

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Answer 14

Military in the South, split into 5 districts
Military stays for 10 years (1877 ends Reconstruction)
South views as aggressive.

Question 15

Literacy Tests

Answer 15

Southern states put in Literacy tests for people to take in order to vote as a way to evade the 15th amendment.

Question 16

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 16

President cannot fire a member of his cabinet without the approval of Congress.
Johnson fires Edwin Stemton without approval of Congress
House of Reps file articles of impeachment and found Johnson guilty.
Trial in Senat with chief Justice running trial. 2/3 to remove Johnson, he made it by 1 vote and continues presidency.

Question 17

Election of 1868

Answer 17

Republican congress
Radicals looked to Grant to win presidency in 1868. Democrats need someone to represent them
Grant won presidency for 2 terms
Grant shared many view with Radical Republicans, lots of black men voted for him
His cabinet was involved in political scandals
Southerners harassed and bullied Black men from voting

Question 18

Election of 1876

Answer 18

Democrat congress
Rutherford B. Hayes - Republican and promised to remove military from south in his campaign
1877 Reconstruction ends, military leaves the south

Question 19

Plessy vs Ferguson

Answer 19

Plessy is a black man bought a train ticket and sits in white-only area and breaks the Louisiana law of segregation. First case to challenge segregation. Court ruled in favor of Louisiana and that segregation was indeed constitutional and followed the 14th amendment. “Separate but equal”