Recognition of Equine Dental Pathology

Question 1

Describe the three types of malocclusions of equine teeth

Answer 1

Class 1 - individual tooth misaligned
Class 2 - distocclusion (parrot mouth, overjet)
Class 3 - prognathism (underjet, sow mouth)

Question 2

What is the colloquial name for Campylorrhinis lateralis?

Answer 2

Shortening/deviation of premaxillary and maxillary bones

Question 3

What normally occurs to prevent pulp exposure in the horse?

Answer 3

The normal deposition of secondary dentine by pulp odontoblasts

Question 4

What does EOTRH stand for?

Answer 4

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

Question 5

What age of horses are usually affected by EOTRH and which teeth will it usually affect?

Answer 5

Affects horses over 15 years of age, predominantely a disease of the incisors and canines.

Question 6

What is the only method of diagnosis of EOTRH?

Answer 6

Radiography

Question 7

What is the reccomendation of treatment of EOTRH?

Answer 7

Extraction if mobile, fracture or painful on palpation

Question 8

What is shear mouth?

Answer 8

Increased molar table angle

Question 9

Which sides of the maxillary and mandibular cheeck teeth are usually affected?

Answer 9

Buccal margins of maxillary cheeck teeth and lingual margins of mandibular cheek teeth

Question 10

What is the majority of periodontal disease associated with?

Answer 10

A diastema.

Question 11

What is a diastema?

Answer 11

A space between two teeth, used in horses as a pathological term.

Question 12

What is caries?

Answer 12

Destruction of calcified dental tissue with bacteria as a primary initiator of a chain of events.

Question 13

What are the main two types of caries?

Answer 13

Peripheral and infundibular.

Question 14

What are the four factors required for caries?

Answer 14

Tooth, substrate, plaque and bacteria

Question 15

List two things that infundibular caries can lead to

Answer 15

Dental fracture and apical infection

Question 16

Which system would you use to grade infundibular caries?

Answer 16

Honmer system

Question 17

Which cells produce secondary dentine?

Answer 17

Odontoblasts

Question 18

What is the mos common cause of septic pulpitis?

Answer 18

Anachoresis - blood borne infection

Question 19

What is the mean age for horses to get septic pulpitis?

Answer 19

5-7 years

Question 20

What are the clinical signs you would expect to see with the 3 rostral maxillary cheek teeth and septic pulpitis?

Answer 20

Maxillary swellings and sinus tracts

Question 21

What are the clinical signs you would expect to see with the 3 caudal maxillary cheek teeth and septic pulpitis?

Answer 21

Nasal discharge

Question 22

List two of the most common radiographic signs of an apical infection

Answer 22

Periapical sclerosis
Periapical halo formation

Question 23

Where may antibiotics be considered for an apical infection?

Answer 23

Young horses in an acute stage - no occlusal signs, sudden face sweeling

Question 24

Which jaw is it most common to see cheek teeth fractures in?

Answer 24

Maxillary

Question 25

What is the median age to fracture a tooth?

Answer 25

12 yrs

Question 26

What are the two most common tooth fracture orientations, which fracture always indicates extraction?

Answer 26

Maxillary lateral slab fracture
Maxillary midline sagittal fracture - EXTRACT

Question 27

At what age do equine teeth stop forming?

Answer 27

Age 18