Dentistry Building Blocks Flashcards
Which structure comprises the bulk of the mature tooth?
Dentine
Which part of the tooth is the hardest tissue in the body?
Enamel
What does the pulp cavity comprise of?
The chamber and root canal.
What is the term for the surface on the outside of the tooth?
Buccal/labial
How many premolars does the dog have?
4
What are the two techniques used in taking dental radiographs?
Parallel technique and the Bisecting angle technique.
List three ways in which peridontitis may present on a radiograph.
Periodontal ligament space widening
Bone loss - horizontal, vertical, at furcation
Periapical lucency
List five presentations of trauma on a dental radiograph
Fractured roots
Evidence of the tooth dying after endodontitis
Jaw damage
Wear - checking the root of the teeth affected by attrition/abrasion
Luxated teeth
Name two types of local anaesthetic and describe how they differ in terms of their onset, duration and maximum dose.
Lidocaine:
- Rapid onset (1-2 minutes)
- Short duration (1-2 hours)
- Maximum dose higher (dogs - 5mg/kg, cats 3mg/kg)
Bupivicaine
- Slower onset (15-20minutes)
- Longer duration (4-6 hours)
- Maximum dose lower (dogs 2.5mg/kg, cats 1.5mg/kg)
What area of the jaw does the maxillary block anaesthetise?
Completely anaesthetises the ipsilateral half of the maxilla including the soft and hard palates, bone, mucose and all the teeth
What are the two approaches to the maxillary block and which one is safest?
Intra-oral approach - risk of hitting the eye globe if you push the needle in too far
Transcutaenous approach - SAFEST
Where does the infraorbital nerve block?
Upper canine and front few teeth only.
Where does the inferior alveolar (caudal mandibular) nerve block?
Mandible including teeth, lower lip, part of tongue, hard and soft tissues
What is the main risk with the inferior alveolar block and how would you avoid this?
Hitting the lingual nerve causing temporary desensitisation of the tongue. Avoid by guiding the needle as close to the bone as possible.
Where does the mental nerve block?
Mostly just the lip and rostral soft tissues.
Which structures are part of the peridontium?
Gingiva, periodontal ligament, alevolar bone, cementum.
What are the two parts of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis (initial reversible stage)
Periodontitis (later irreversible stage)
What is plaque?
A biofilm that adheres to the tooth surface.
What is gingivitis and how does it progress?
Inflammation confined to the gingiva.
Present as reddening and oesdema of the tissue, starting at the gingival margin but progressing to visible ulceration and spotaneous bleeding.
List six problems caused by periodontitis
Loss of attachment
Recession of the gingiva
Root exposure
Furcation exposure
Formation of periodontal pockets
Loss of alveolar bone.
What is gingival recession?
Measured from the cemento-enamel junction to the gingival margin, at its greatest using a periodontal probe.
What is periodontal pocket depth?
The distance from the gingival margin to the deepest depth of the pockt, using gentle pressure.
How do you make up the value of ‘attachment loss’?
Attachment loss is the sum of the gingival recession and the periodontal pocket depth, less the normal gingival sulcus depth for that tooth.
What is the normal sucal depth for a dog or a cat?
Normal sulcal depth in a dog is 0-3mm and in a cat is 0-0.5mm.
