Recognition and Care of Shock Chapter 18

Question 0

What’s another word for shock?

Answer 0

Hypoperfusion

Question 1

What is perfusion?

Answer 1

The adequate supply of well-oxygenated blood and nutrients to all the vital organs.

Question 2

The development of shock can be rapid or slowly. True or false?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What happens in normal perfusion?

Answer 3

1. Oxygen & Carbon dioxide are exchanged.
2. Nutrients & waste products are exchanged.
3. Fluid & salt balances are maintained between blood & tissue.

Question 4

Shock is a dynamic process that if allowed to go unrecognized can be life threatening.
Care for patients with shock should not be delayed.
The initial problem must be corrected, & shock must be managed.
True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the 4 categories of shock?

Answer 5

1. Cardiogenic shock
2. Distributive shock
3. Hypovolemic shock
4. Obstructive shock

Question 6

Define shock.

Answer 6

The failure of the body’s circulatory system to provide an adequate supply of well-oxygenated blood and nutrients to all vital organs. Also known as hypoperfusion.

Question 7

What is hypoperfusion?

Answer 7

A condition in which the organs & cells are not receiving an adequate supply of well-oxygenated blood & nutrients. Also known as shock,

Question 8

What is hypotension?

Answer 8

Abnormally low blood pressure.

Question 9

What is Hypovolemic shock?

Answer 9

A category of shock caused by an abnormally low fluid volume (blood or plasma) in the body.

Question 10

What is Cardiogenic shock?

Answer 10

A category and type of shock where the heart is not functioning properly to maintain a proper blood pressure to circulate blood adequately. This category of shock is sometimes referred to as pump failure.

Question 11

What is Distributive shock?

Answer 11

A category shock where the vessels have dilated and results in a much larger space than the available blood supply can fill.

Question 12

What is Obstructive shock?

Answer 12

A category of shock where an obstruction disrupts the adequate flow of blood.

Question 13

What is Hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 13

A type of Hypovolemic shock that occurs due to a significant loss of whole blood.

Question 14

What is Neurogenic shock?

Answer 14

A type of Distributive shock, neurogenic shock is caused when the spinal cord is damaged and is unable to control tone of the blood vessels by way of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 15

What is Anaphylactic shock?

Answer 15

A form of Distributive shock, also known as allergy shock. Anaphylactic shock is caused when the body has a severe allergic reaction. Blood vessels dilate uncontrollably.

Question 16

What is Respiratory shock?

Answer 16

A form of shock caused by the disruption of the transfer of oxygen into the cells or the ability of the cells to utilize oxygen.

Question 17

What is Psychogenic shock?

Answer 17

A form of Distributive shock, Psychogenic shock often causes fainting and usually occurs when some factor (like fear), causes the nervous system to react and rapidly dilate the blood vessels.

Question 18

W?hat is Septic shock?

Answer 18

A form of Distributive shock caused by a widespread infection in the blood.

Question 19

What is Compensated shock?

Answer 19

The condition in which the body is using specific mechanisms such as increased breathing rate & increased pulse rate to compensate for a lack of adequate perfusion.

Question 20

What is Decompensated shock?

Answer 20

The condition in which the body is no longer able to compensate for a lack of adequate perfusion.

Question 21

What are the early signs & symptoms of shock?

Answer 21

Restlessness, altered mental status,
Increased heart rate,
Normal to slight low BP
Mildly increased breathing rate
Skin that is pale, cool, & moist,
Sluggish pupils, nausea & vomiting

All symptoms may not be present at once. Shock is progressive (becomes worse with time). Not in a particular order.

Question 22

Behavioral change may be the 1st sign of developing shock. True or false?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are the late signs & symptoms of shock?

Answer 23

Unresponsiveness, decreasing heart rate,
Very low BP, slow & shallow Respirations,
Pale, cool, & moist skin
Dilated, sluggish pupils

Question 24

What can you do to delay the progression of shock?

Answer 24

1. Perform primary assessment & ensure the ABC's are properly supported. 2. Control external bleeding. 3. Administer oxygen per local protocol. 4. Keep the patient in a supine position. 5. Calm & reassure the patient, & maintain a normal body temperature. 6. Monitor & support the ABC's. 7. Do not give the patient anything by mouth even if they are thirsty. 8. Monitor vital signs every 5 minutes.

Question 25

Shock is not reversible, but you may be able to delay onset or keep it from worsening. True or false?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Fainting is also known as _______, also called __________ shock.

Answer 26

Syncope | Psychogenic shock

Question 27

All of the following are signs of shock EXCEPT: A. Increased pulse rate B. Decreasing BP C. Pink, warm, moist skin D. Altered mental status

Answer 27

C. Pink, warm, moist skin

Question 28

When the body suffers a significant loss of blood, which type of shock is most likely to occur? A. Anaphylactic B. Cardiogenic C. Hemorrhagic D. Septic

Answer 28

C. Hemorrhagic

Question 29

Burns most often result in _______ shock. A. Hypovolemic B. Septic C. Respiratory D. Neurogenic

Answer 29

A. Hypovolemic

Question 30

Psychogenic shock is commonly known as: A. Hyperperfusion B. Stress reaction shock C. Decompensation D. Fainting

Answer 30

D. Fainting

Question 31

Which one of the following is NOT one of the primary causes of shock? A. Dilated blood vessels B. Restricted movement C. Severe fluid loss D. Low levels of oxygen in the blood

Answer 31

B. Restricted movement

Question 32

``` You arrive at the scene of an unresponsive male patient who crashed his motorcycle into a tree at a high rate of speed. His Respirations are 8 & shallow, pulse is 44 & weak, & you are unable to obtain a BP. This patient is most likely experiencing _______ shock. A. Psychogenic B. Compensated C. Decompensated D. Respiratory ```

Answer 32

C Decompensated

Question 33

Decompensated shock is very serious and can quickly become: A. Irreversible B. Hypoperfusion C. Compensated D. Anaphylaxis

Answer 33

A. Irreversible

Question 34

``` You are caring for a patient who was thrown from a horse and landed on her head. She is complaining of severe pain to the posterior neck. The patient is at risk for _______ shock. A. Psychogenic B. Hemorrhagic C. Compensated D. Neurogenic ```

Answer 34

D. Neurogenic

Question 35

You arrive at the scene of a small child who fell 15 feet. She is conscious and alert & complaining only of pain in her right arm, which has some deformity. Which one of the following best describes the appropriate care for this person? A. Splint the arm & suggest that her parents take her to the hospital. B. Assume she has internal injuries & treat for shock. C. Provide oxygen and splint the arm. D. Place her on a long backboard and transport.

Answer 35

B. Assume she has internal injuries & treat for shock.

Question 36

Why does a patient's pulse rate increase as shock develops? A. To force oxygenated blood out of the patient's body core. B. To counteract the high BP C. To maintain adequate perfusion D. To create more blood to compensate for fluid loss.

Answer 36

C. To maintain adequate perfusion

Question 37

Care for shock includes:

Answer 37

1. Supporting the ABC's 2. keeping the patient lying flat 3. controlling all external bleeding 4. administering oxygen if allowed 5. maintaining a normal body temperature 6. expediting transport

Question 38

It is important to begin care for shock if the mechanism of injury suggests internal injury or bleeding. True or False?

Answer 38

True