recognise impact of health conditions Flashcards
anatomy
The study of the body structures and the complex interactions between all body systems
physiology
The study determining how body systems work individually and the relationships between the systems as they interact
pathology
The study of abnormalities within the body that cause disease or illness and how the body functions are affected
what are the levels of organisation
atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs systems organism
what is a cell
- The smallest functional units of the human body
- undifferentiated cells become specialised in their structure and function.
- generate energy
- controls DNA synthesis, regulates metabolic activity, and cell division.
cell membrane
Protects the cell, controls what enters and exits.
nucleus
Contains the cell’s DNA and controls cell activities.
cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance where cell processes occur, maintains structure.
mitochondria
Produce energy for the cell (ATP).
ribosomes
Make proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Transports materials, smooth ER makes lipids, rough ER makes proteins.
golgi apparatus
Packages and distributes proteins and lipids + produces lysosomes.
lysosomes
Breaks down waste and old cell parts
vacuole
Where waste products are excreted after being dissolved in the cytoplasm.
homeostasis
The body’s ability to maintain a stable, balanced, and relatively constant internal environment to ensure optimal functioning, despite external factors.
what are examples of health status indicators
body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and BGLs.
Cardiovascular system (circulatory system)
Transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
Respiratory system
Responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily O2 and CO2, between the body and the external environment.
Musculoskeletal system
Contains muscles, bones, joints, and associated tissues that allow movement, provide support, and protect the vital organs.
Endocrine system
Network of glands and organs responsible for producing and regulating hormones.
Digestive system (gastrointestinal system)
Responsible for the breakdown of food into nutrients so that they can be absorbed and used by the body.
urinary system
Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance by removing waste products from the body, and regulating blood pressure.
Reproductive system
Responsible for the production of offspring. Is distinct in males and females.
Integumentary system
Body’s first line of defence and largest organ system, including the hair, skin, nails and associated structures.
Lymphatic system
Network of vessels, nodes, and organs that help maintain fluid balance, filter foreign materials and pathogens, and support the immune system.
Nervous system
Network of nerves and structures responsible for controlling and coordinating various bodily functions, including sensory perception, movement and cognition.
Immune system
Network of cells, tissues, and organs that work to defend the body against infections, diseases, and foreign invaders.
what is diabetes
A chronic metabolic disorder characterised by elevated levels of blood sugar levels due to disruptions in glucose regulation.
what are the 3 types of diabetes
- Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM) autoimmune condition
- Type 2 Diabetes (DM/NIDDM) from lifestyle factors
- Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy
how can diabetes be managed/prevented
- Blood glucose monitoring
- medications (insulin)
- lifestyle changes (diet + exercise)
what are cardiovascular diseases
CVD affects the cardiovascular system, primarily the heart and blood vessels.
e.g. Heart failure, Hypertension (high blood pressure), Stroke
what are musculoskeletal conditions
MSDs affect the muscles, bones, joints, tendons and ligaments, which can cause pain, stiffness, impaired mobility, and, in some cases, disability.
e.g. Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis
what are neurological conditions
Affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves.
e.g. cerebral palsy, dementia, epilepsy
what is cancer
A group of diseases characterised by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal (cancer) cells in the body.
e.g. carcinoma, sarcome, leukaemia
what is obesity
Characterised by the excessive accumulation of body fat which negatively impacts an individual’s health, often defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher.
- A major risk factor for several chronic diseases.
- Significantly reduce overall life expectancy.
what is malnutrition
An imbalance between the nutrients a person’s body needs to maintain health and the nutrients they receive through their diet.
May be due to inadequate dietary intake, underlying medical conditions, digestive disorders, or socioeconomic factors.
what are the two types of malnutrition
- Undernutrition: the intake of essential nutrients is insufficient
- Overnutrition: an excessive intake of certain nutrients may cause deficiency in others.
How can you assess an individual’s health status
- Observation
- Questioning
- Interpretation of documentation
- Interpretation of test results
- Logbooks / diaries
- Family History
what does delegation mean
involves obtaining authorisation from a qualified supervising AHP to perform specific tasks within the defined scope of practice.
Ways information is shared / delegated
- Through direct communication
- Collaborative discussions
- Face to face meetings
- Online phone calls
- Phone conversations
- Written exchanges with the delegating AHP
What can happen if an AHA doesn’t have proper delegation
- Compromised patient safety
- Legal issues
- Inefficiency
- Miscommunication
- Reduced accountability
- Lower quality of care
Factors that can contribute to a healthy body
- Nutrition
- Physical activity
- Hydration
- Sleep
- Stress management
- Tobacco and alcohol use
- Health screenings
- Mental health
What to ask when assessing an individual’s health status
- Ask about signs and symptoms they are presenting with.
- Medical history
- Activities of daily living (ADLs)
- Diet and Nutrition
- Medication Compliance
- Family History.
