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Powerplant O&P > Reciprocating Engines > Flashcards

Reciprocating Engines Flashcards

1
Q

In what position should the crankshaft be when a magneto is being timed to the engine?

A

Piston in cylinder 1 is about 30 degrees before top dead center on the compression stroke

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2
Q

What is checked on engine runup to determine the operational condition of the engine?

A
  1. Idling RPM and manifold pressure
  2. Engine acceleration
  3. Maximum static RPM
  4. Magneto drop
  5. Ignition switch safety check
  6. Propeller pitch change
  7. Propeller feathering
  8. Oil pressure
  9. Fuel flow
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3
Q

What is hydraulic lock in an aircraft engine?

A

Oil has been drained past the piston rings and filled the combustion chamber of cylinders that are below the center line of the engine. If the crankshaft is turned over with this oil in the cylinder it will lock, and there is a probability that the piston, cylinder, or connecting rod will be damaged

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4
Q

How is hydraulic lock removed from an aircraft engine?

A

Remove a spark plug from the locked cylinder and drain all the oil out. Clean the spark plug and replace it

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5
Q

What are the four strokes of a 4-stroke reciprocating engine?

A
  1. Intake
  2. Compression
  3. Power
  4. Exhaust
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6
Q

What is the purpose of dynamic dampers on crankshafts?

A

They reduce engine vibration

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7
Q

What types of bearings are generally found in reciprocating engines?

A
  1. Plain
  2. Ball
  3. Roller bearings
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8
Q

Are the connecting rods used in each cylinder of a radial engine the same? Explain.

A

No. Radial engines use master and articulating rod assemblies

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9
Q

Name the different types of piston rings

A
  1. Oil control
  2. Compression
  3. Oil scraper
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10
Q

Where should piston ring gaps be installed relative to each other and why?

A

Compression(???) ring gaps should be staggered so that they don’t align to prevents excessive blow-by

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11
Q

What could result from incorrectly installed piston rings?

A

Excessive oil consumption

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12
Q

What purpose do oil control rings serve?

A

They regulate the thickness of the oil film on the cylinder walls

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13
Q

What is used to help prevent valve surge or floating in an aircraft engine?

A

Two or more springs are used on each valve

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14
Q

On engines equipped with hydraulic valve lifters, what should the running valve clearance be?

A

Zero

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15
Q

What is the purpose of valve overlap?

A
  1. Better volumetric efficiency
  2. Lowers cylinder operating temperatures
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16
Q

What indications are given in the event of a leaking or open primer while the engine is running?

A

The engine will not idle properly

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17
Q

A cold cylinder is found when troubleshooting a running engine. What does this indicate?

A

No combustion in the cylinder

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18
Q

When pulling a propeller through, a hissing sound is heard, indicating a valve blow-by. What procedure should be performed next?

A

A compression check should be performed to identify the faulty cylinder

19
Q

What is the purpose of performing a compression test?

A

To determine if the valves, pistons and rings are sealing properly

20
Q

When an engine is overhauled, how is its total time affected?

A

The total time on the engine must be continued and the time since major overhaul is entered into the engine log

21
Q

What inspections should be performed after a propeller strike without sudden stoppage?

A
  1. Inspect engine mounts, the crankcase, and the nose section for damage
  2. Inspect the oil and oil filters/screen for metal particles
  3. Inspect the crankshaft or driveshaft for cracks and misalignment
22
Q

Name some of the precautions that should be performed prior to engine removal

A
  1. Disconnect the battery
  2. Turn off the fuel valves
  3. Chock the wheels
  4. Install a tail stand
23
Q

When inspecting a piston, where are cracks most likely to be found?

A

In those areas that are highly stressed; Usually the base of the piston bosses, inside at the junction of the bore and the walls, and the ring lands

24
Q

What does it mean if an engine part is within “ Serviceable limits”?

A

It means that the part is within the manufacturer’s limits and doesn’t need to be replaced

25
Q

What tools or instruments are used to inspect a cylinder barrel for out-of-roundness?

A

A dial indicator or an inside micrometer

26
Q

How can a loose stud in an engine crankcase be repaired?

A

Remove the loose stud and inspect the hole for size and thread condition

27
Q

What publication is used to check an engine for normal operation?

A

Manufacturer’s maintenance manual

28
Q

A weak cylinder is found during a compression check. What must be inspected?

A

The inside of a cylinder

29
Q

What purpose does an oil analysis serve?

A

This helps in evaluating the engine’s internal condition. Metal particles in the oil show normal and abnormal wear of the engine

30
Q

What inspection should be performed on an engine that has been in storage?

A

Perform an inspection to determine if there is any corrosion damage

31
Q

Where would a carburetor air temperature bulb be located?

A

In the ram air intake duct

32
Q

What is the fuel pressure range on float-type carburetors?

A

3 - 5 psi

33
Q

Where is the fuel flow indicating system generally connected within a carbureted reciprocating engine?

A

Between the engine fuel pump and the carburetor

34
Q

Name the basic components of a fuel flow system

A
  1. Transmitter
  2. Indicator
35
Q

What unit of measure is generally used to indicate fuel flow?

A

Pounds or gallons per hour

36
Q

Why is fuel flow monitored?

A

To determine fuel consumption and engine performance

37
Q

What does the manifold gauge indicate and how is it calibrated?

A

It measures the absolute pressure in the engine manifold and is calibrated in inches of mercury

38
Q

What directly controls manifold pressure?

A

Throttle opening and engine RPM

39
Q

During engine operation, where should the propeller control be set when checking the manifold pressure?

A

Low pitch, high RPM

40
Q

Is the aircraft electrical system required to power a cylinder head temperature gauge?

A

No. A thermocouple is used as the electrical source

41
Q

What are the possible indications of an oil pressure transmitter or indicator malfunction?

A

a Severe or sudden drop in oil pressure while the oil temperature remains normal and the oil supply remains full

42
Q

What does a tachometer indicate on a reciprocating engine?

A

Engine RPM

43
Q

Where should the thermocouple be installed on a reciprocating engine using a single probe cylinder head temperature system?

A

On the hottest cylinder

Powerplant O&P (11 decks)

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