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ARCP - Reciprocating engines > Recip Final > Flashcards

Recip Final Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two cylinder valves

A

Intake - where air/fuel mixture enters the piston exhaust - where exhaust gasses leave the cylinder

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2
Q

what is the otto cycle

A

standard compression cycle in a 2 or 4 stroke piston engine

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3
Q

what is a compression ratio

A

the compression of the total volume of the cylinder when piston is at BDC and TDC. increase in manifold pressure = increase in compression ratio

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4
Q

TDC stands for

A

Top dead center

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5
Q

BDC stands for

A

Bottom dead center

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6
Q

2 types of oil pumps are

A

gear pump and Gerotor pump

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7
Q

how is compression ratio calculated

A

the cylinder volume at BDC divided b the volume at TDC

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8
Q

what is horespower? how is it calculated

A

horsepower is a standard unit of mechanical power.

1HP = number of foot-pounds divided by 33,000

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9
Q

what does PLANK stand for

A

P = IMEP (indicated manifold effective pressure)

L = length of stroke in feet

A = area of piston

N = # of power strokes per minute

K = Number of cylinders

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10
Q

what is the difference between break and indicted horsepower

A

indicated HP - theoretical, does not account for friction.

Break HP - actual horsepower delivered by the engine to the propeller

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11
Q

what are the 6 functions of oil

A 
reduce friction
absorb heat
seals and cushions
cleans
protects against corrosion
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12
Q

what is flash point

A

temperature at which oil gives off ignitable vapors

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13
Q

what is cloud point

A

temperature at which wax separates and solidifies into crystals

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14
Q

what is fire point

A

temperature at which there are sufficient vapors to support a flame

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15
Q

pour point

A

the lowest temperature that oil can flow or be poured

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16
Q

how are aircraft oils classified

A

oils are classified by viscosity levels. higher viscosity = a higher oil number

17
Q

what is viscosity

A

a liquids resistance to flow. high viscosity = a thicker liquid

18
Q

what are the four types of oil used for aircrafts

A

mineral
ashless dispersant
synthetic
multi viscosity

19
Q

what are the two types of oil systems

A

wet sump - oil is located within the crankcase. simpler

dry sump - oil is located in a separate oil tank. most common in radial engines. uses a scavenge pump to disperse oil

20
Q

what is a pressure relief valve

A

a valve that maintains a constant pressure within the oil system by bleeding off excess. can be adjusted using a screw or washers

21
Q

3 types of check valves

A

ball, cone, and swing

22
Q

what are bypass valves used for

A

allowing oil to bypass the oil cooler until it is brought up to temperature

23
Q

2 types of oil filters

A

full flow and bypass

24
Q

what is SOAP

A

Spectrometric oil analysis program

25
Q

what are the different types of icing

A

throttle ice
fuel evaporation
impact ice

26
Q

what is the idle valve in the pressure carburetor used for

A

maintaining fuel flow at idle speeds

27
Q

how is the mixture controlled in a carburetor

A

controlled by varying pressure between the two fuel chambers, A and B

28
Q

what is density altitude

A

the pressure altitude corrected for non standard temperature variations.

affects the takeoff distance as well as rate of climb

29
Q

what effect does carb heat have on the fuel/air mixture

A

lowers the density of the air causing mixture to become more rich

30
Q

what happens when an aircraft climbs to altitude

A

mass and density of air will decrease. the same volume of air provides less oxygen

31
Q

what is MAP and where is it measured?

A

Maximum absolute pressure measured after the throttle plate (butterfly valve)

32
Q

engine operation on a clear cool day can lead to _______ if the relative humidity is too high

A

Carburetor icing

33
Q

why is the carburetor pre-heater not used on takeoff

A

causes loss of power, rough running engine and detonation

34
Q

where is the “hot spot” in the 0-320 engine

A

in the oil sump. heats air to improve vaporization

35
Q

what denotes a “standard day”

A

29.92 InHG

15 degrees celcius

36
Q

what happens to engine power as an aircraft climbs to altitude

A

power reduces due to the reduced air density

37
Q

how does an increase in carburetor air temperature affect BMEP

A

warmer air will decrease BMEP

ARCP - Reciprocating engines (4 decks)

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