Rechtliches Englisch Flashcards by 正穎李

breach of contract

違反合約

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Boycott

抵制

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交保

assessment

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Respondeat Superior

僱主責任原則

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Contributory Liability

輔助侵權責任

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Enterprise Liability

企業責任

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Mutual Assent

意思表示合致

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對價

Consideration

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capacity to contract

締約能力/行為能力

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要約

Offer

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承諾

Acceptance

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拒絕原要約而為新要約

Counter-offer

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成年

majority

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未成年

minority

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履行

performance

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違反合約

breach of contract

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privity of contract

契約相對性

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債之變更、契約承擔

Notation

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Delegation of Duties / assumption (of debt)

債務承擔

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債權讓與

assignment of rights

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(書狀)送達

Service (of process)

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Liquidated Damages

賠償額預定性違約金

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懲罰性違約金條款

Penalty clauses

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懲罰性損害賠償

Punitive Damages

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Freedom of the press

新聞自由

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董事長

chairman

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法定代理人

Legal representatives

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董事會

board of directors

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獨立董事

Independent Directors

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忠實義務、受託人責任

Fiduciary Duty

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Duty of Care

注意義務

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Shareholder Derivative Suit

股東代表訴訟

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Dissenting Shareholder Appraisal Rights

異議股東股分收買請求權

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Sale of All or Substantially All of the Assets

讓與全部或主要部分之營業或財產

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mergers and acquisitions

併購

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Hostile takeover

惡意併購

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short-form merger

簡易合併

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Consolidation

新設合併

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De Facto Merger

事實上合併

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事實上合併

資產收購

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Equity Purchase

股權收購

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Spin-off

新設分割；比例分配型公司分割

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Split-off

消除式分割；股份償還型公司分割

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Split-up

消滅分割；母公司清算型公司分割

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Liquidation

清算

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due diligence

盡職調查

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Market Manipulation

市場操縱

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wash trade

相對成交/沖洗買賣

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Matched Orders

相對委託

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Stock bashing

意圖影響證券交易價格而散佈不實謠言

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pump and dump

意圖影響證券價格而散佈有利謠言後拉高出貨

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insider trading

內線交易

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plaintiff

起訴人, 原告

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Defendant

n.被告 ; adj.辯護的, 為自己辯護的

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上訴

appeal

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Appellant

上訴人

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Appellee

被上訴人

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jury

陪審團

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juror

陪審員

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prosecutor

檢察官

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homicide

謀殺

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sedition

內亂/煽動叛亂

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counterfeit currency

偽造貨幣

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burglary

入室竊盜罪

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forgery

偽造(文書)

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Counterfeit Securities

偽造有價證券

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malfeasance

不法行為、瀆職

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larceny

竊盜

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embezzlement

侵占(挪用；侵吞；盜用公款)

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perjury

偽證

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negligent

過失

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accessory

幫助犯

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solicitation

教唆行為

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principal offender

正犯

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joint principals

共同正犯

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life imprisonment

終身監禁,無期徒刑

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parole

假釋

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緩刑

probation

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auto theft

汽車竊盜

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cocaine

古柯鹼

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Trespassing

竊佔

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disorderly conduct

擾亂公共秩序

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domestic violence

家暴

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drug distribution and trafficking

毒品運送、販賣

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extortion

勒索、恐嚇取財、勒贖

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Indecent Exposure

妨害風化

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Manslaughter

致人於死

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Marijuana

大麻

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大麻

脅迫

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money laundering

洗錢

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Prostitution

賣淫

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Protective Order

保護令

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pyramid and Ponzi scheme

傳銷

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Stalking

跟蹤

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vandalism

破壞公物

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nuisance

妨害他人行使權利

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Misrepresentation

不實陳述

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search warrant

搜索票

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seize / seizure / （judicial）attachment

扣押

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law enforcement officer

執法人員

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obstruct a law enforcement officer

妨礙公務

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self-incrimination

自證己罪

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作證

testify

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right of confrontation

對質權

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plea of guilty

認罪

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有證據能力的

admissible

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維持原審判決

affirm

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增修條款 / 修正案

amendment

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出庭

appear

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appendix

附錄

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arbitration

仲裁

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Article of Incorporation

公司章程

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債權讓與

assign

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bona fide

善意

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burden of proof

舉證責任

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chattel

動產

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class action suit

集體訴訟

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co-conspirator

共犯

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起訴狀

complaint

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concurring opinion

協同意見書

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Confidentiality

保密；機密

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Contributory Negligence

與有過失

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監察

control

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confronatation

對質

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Counterclaim

反訴

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監護權、親權

custody

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defamation

誹謗

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（債務）承擔（v)

delegate

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羈押

detain

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domicile

住所

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double jeopardy

一罪不二審

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due process of law

正當法律程序

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eject

排除占有

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enforceable

具強制力的/強制執行

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股權

equity

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evict

租賃物請求返還

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False Imprisonment

私行拘禁

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罰鍰

fine

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監護人

guardian

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hearsay

傳聞

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hair / successor

繼承人

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默示的

implied

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Indemnification

賠償 / 補償

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刑事起訴

indict

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無資力的

indigent

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Intestate

未留遺囑的

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Joint and Several Liability

連帶賠償責任

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Jurisdiction

司法權,審判權,管轄權

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juvenile court

少年法庭

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以文字誹謗

libel

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litigation

訴訟

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mediation / conciliation

調解

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mortgage

抵押

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movant

聲請人

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omission

不作為

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dismiss / overrule

駁回

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precedent

判決先例

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prior restraint

事前審查

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Promissory Estoppel

禁反言原則

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居所

residence

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settlement / compromise

和解

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standing to sue

當事人適格

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stare decisis

判決先例拘束原則

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statute

法令,成文法律,法規,章程,條例

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stipulation

規定；條款

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subpoena

證人傳票

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Summons

(被告)召喚,傳喚,召集,傳票

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吊扣

suspend

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維持

sustain

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Testator

立遺囑之人

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transaction

交易

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testimony

證詞

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unjust enrichment

不當得利

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warrant

令狀

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擔保

warranty

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遺囑

will

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從物

accessories

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受讓人

assignee

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被脅迫

by duress

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bylaw (article)

章程

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權利能力

capacity

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中止

cease

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charitable corporation

公益社團

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civil profi

法定孳息

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視為

deem

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債權人

creditor

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抗辯

defense、defence

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贈與

gift

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endowment

捐助

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inheritance

遺產

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juridical act

法律行為

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juridical persons (juristic person)

法人

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legacy

遺贈

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質權

lien

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贍養費

maintenance

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mutatis mutandis

準用

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natural profit

天然孳息

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party / litigant

當事人

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personal property

動產

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(extinctive) prescription

消滅時效

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pension

退職金

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人格權

personality

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推定

presume

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本人

principal

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public notaries

公證人

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廢止

repeal

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resolutory condition

解除條件

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revocation / revoke

撤銷

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right of retention

留置權

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sole proprietorship

獨資

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spouse

配偶

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信託

trust

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suspenseful condition

停止條件

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unilateral act

單獨行為

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void ab initio

自始無效

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放棄、拋棄

waive

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撤回

withdraw

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agreed rate of interest

約定利率

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amalgamation

【公司】合併

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amplification

【公司】擴張

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auction

拍賣

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counter-prestation

對待給付

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debtor

債務人

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【民事】被害人

deceased

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給付遲延

default

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discernment

識別能力

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earnest money

定金

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明示

expressly

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extinction (of obligations)

(債之)消滅

hortatory （process）

督促（程序）

gratuitous act

無償行為

force majeure

不可抗力

impossibility of performance

給付不能

in compliance with

依據

incomplete performance

不完全給付

incumbent on

負擔、負有職責的

inter absentes

非對話

不可分

indivisible

inter presentes

對話

lodgment

提存

management of affairs without mandate (negotiorum gestio)

無因管理

混同

merger

non-performance

債務不履行

mandate

委任

mitigate

減少、減輕

notarization / notary public

公證

offset

抵銷

partial performance

一部履行

違約金

penalty

periodical performance

定期給付

占有人

possessor

prejudice

損及

prescription

時效

保全

preservation

給付

prestation

prestation in lieu of performance

代物清償

property (loss)

財產上損害

proprietor

承攬人

quasi（possessor）

準（占有人）

買回、贖回

redemption

受領人

recipient

reimbursement

償還

免除

release

rescind, rescission

解除

restore, restoration

回復

retroactive

回溯、溯及

solvency

償付能力

statutory rate

法定利率

（restoration of）status quo ante

（回復）原狀

subrogate

代位、承接

teasury

國庫

受領, 提出

tender

tortfeasor

侵權行為人

affiliated enterprises

關係企業

anti-fraud provision

反詐欺條款

appraisal right

股份收買請求權

balance sheet

n. 資產負債表（簡稱B/S)

bearer share

無記名股票

beneficial owner

受益所有人

債券

bond

capital reserve

資本公積

經紀商

broker

compensation committee

薪資報酬委員會

competent authority

主管機關

compulsory execution

強制執行

consolidation of shares

合併股份

control premium

控制權溢價

convertible corporate bond

可轉換公司債

corporate bond with warrant

附認股權公司債

counterfoil of corporate bonds

公司債存根簿

de facto director

事實上董事

De Jure Director

法律上董事

自營商

dealer

depositary receipts (DR)

存託憑證

director disqualification

董事失格

derivatives

衍生性商品

director primacy

董事優先

disclosure

揭露，公開

disgorgement

歸入權

股利

dividends

dismissal

解任

endorsement

背書

duty of candor

誠實揭露義務

equity securities

權益證券

exempted securities

豁免證券

exempted transaction

豁免交易

financial conglomerate

金融集團

financial statement

財務報表

extraordinary motion

臨時動議

fiduciary duty

受託義務

forms of subscription

認股書

franchise

經銷權

期貨

futures

hedge fund

避險基金；對沖基金

holding company

控股公司

inaugural meeting

創立會

indemnification

補償

檢查人

inspector

institutional investor

機構投資人

investment adviser

投資顧問

investor protection

投資人保護

發行

issuance

legal reserve

法定盈餘公積

leveraged buyout

融資合併

listed company

上市上櫃公司

managing director

常務董事

保證金

margin

outstanding shares

已發行股份

misappropriation theory

私取理論

over-the-counter market (OTC)

店頭市場

piercing the corporate veil

揭穿公司面紗

preemptive right

優先認股權

private placement

私募

preferred share

優先股

promoter

發起人

proxy solicitation

委託書徵求

public company

公開發行公司

proxy

委託書

計畫書；慕股書

prospectus

【公司/證交】認許

recognition

public offer

募集

secured corporate bond

擔保公司債

secondary offer

再次發行

securities firm

證券公司

【公司/證交】重整

reorganization

securities

有價證券

self-regulatory organization

自律組織

securitization

證券化

separation of ownership and control

企業所有企業經營分離

stock exchange

證券交易所

認股人

subscriber

tender offer 或 takeover bid

公開收購

tentative resolution

假決議

消息受領人

tippee

ultra vires doctrine

越權行為法則

treasury share

庫藏股票

underwriter

承銷商

voting agreement

表決權拘束契約

受益人

beneficiary

暫保單

binder

bonding insurance

保證保險

(insurance) broker

保險經紀人

insurance policy

保險單

insured amount

保險金額

intangible interests

無形利益

non-forfeiture value

保單價值準備金

nondisclosure

未告知、遺漏

over-insurance

超額保險

non-life insurance

財產保險

partial loss

分損

reserve funds

準備金

(insured) peril

(承保)風險

要保人

proposer

保險費

premium

(insurance) solicitor

保險業務員

subject-matter (insured)

保險標的

subrogation

保險代位 / 代位請求權

sum insured

保險價額

under- insurance

不足額保險

undue profit

不當受益

(保險)公證人

surveyor

unvalued policy

不定值保單

action in rem

對物訴訟

act of god

天災

appurtenance

【海商】屬具

假扣押

arrest

bareboat charter

光船租賃

bill(s) of lading

載貨證券、提單

canal

運河

海上捕獲

capture

carriage of cargo

貨物運送

受貨人

consignee

貨櫃

container

charter party

租傭船契約

共同海事冒險

common adventure

contraband

違禁品

deviation

偏航、越權行為

freight

運費

.卸載、卸船

discharging

共同海損

general average

下船登岸

disembark

embarkation

登船、乘船

dunnage

墊艙

共同海損分擔

general average contribution

inherent defect

固有瑕疵

insufficiency of packing

包裝不固

insufficiency or inadequacy of marks

標誌不足或不符

jettison

投棄貨物

【海商】穩固、繫固

lashing

latent defect

(貨物的)隱有瑕疵

letter of undertaking

保證書

maritime liens

海事優先權

pilotage

引水人

【海商】共同檢定

joint survey

precautionary proceedings

保全程序

quarantine restriction

檢疫限制

salvage remuneration

救助報酬

海難救助

salvage

seafarer

水手或船員

seaworthiness

適航能力

ship’s registered gross tonnage

船舶總登記噸位

stowage

裝載貨品

tally

理貨

船舶拖帶

towage

拖船

tug

volume contract

批量契約

wreck removal

殘骸移除

傭船

charter

administrative actions for declaration

確認訴訟

affirmative defense

積極答辯

Act Governing Fees

訴訟費用法

agent ad litem

訴訟代理人

amendment to correct litigation procedural errors

更正訴訟程序性的錯誤

答辯狀

answer

apparent error in law / clearly erroneous in the application of law

適用法規顯有錯誤

【民訴】輔佐人

assistants

appeals against rulings

抗告案件

【民訴】認證

authentication

binding force

既判力

appeals dismissed

駁回上訴

civil issues coordination

民事爭點整理

civil injunctive procedure

民事保全程序

起訴狀

complaint

civil mediation cases

民事調解事件

defendant and agent ad litem

被告及訴訟代理人席

degree of proof

證明力

delay of the proceedings

延滯訴訟

doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence

自由心證原則

demanding security

命提供擔保

doctrine of distribution of the burden of proof

舉證責任分配之法則

elucidative obligation of court

法院之闡明義務

first instance

一審

groundless

無理由的，無根據的

further proceedings

繼續審判

issue preclusion

爭點排除

joinder of claims

客觀訴之合併

joinder of parties

追加共同訴訟人

law not applied to or wrongly applied to judgment

判決不適用法規或適用不當

litigation act

訴訟行為

Litigation in forma pauperis

訴訟救助

material objects as evidence

物證

mere differences in legal interpretations

法律見解歧異

motion for new trial/motion for retrial

再審之訴

motion of objection

聲明異議

motion to dismiss

訴之撤回動議

對造

opposite party

motion to set aside court rulings

抗告

personal jurisdiction

普通審判籍

prevention from surprise judgment

突襲性裁判之防止

法律明確性原則

proceeding for payment or performance

給付訴訟

provisional attachment

假扣押

provisional injunction

假處分

recusal of judges；recusal by a judge

法官之迴避

remand or assign a case appeals

發回或發交更審

res judicata

既判力；一事不再理

救濟方法

remedies

right of instituting legal proceedings

訴訟權

second instance

第二審

spoliation of evidence

證明妨礙

statutory period/statute of limitation

法定期間

subject matter jurisdiction

訴訟標的管轄權

suspend the pending procedure

停止訴訟程序

the adversary system

當事人進行主義

adjudication

判決

venue

犯罪地點,審判地,管轄地

voir dire

資格審查

abet

綁架

verdict

(陪審團的)判決

the party presentation principle

當事人提出原則

voluntary recusal

自行迴避

transfer of jurisdiction

移送管轄

amnesty

特赦

alibi

不在場證明

bail bond

保釋保證書

apprehension

拘捕

bailiff

法警

bigamy

重婚

減刑

commutation

bawdy house

妓院

confession

自白

雙方同意的判決

conspiracy

陰謀、共謀

contempt of court

藐視法庭

correctional institution

矯正機構

contraband

違禁品

court familiarization

法庭熟悉

Court Martial

軍事審判

cross examination

交互詰問

Delinquent Act

少年法

deportation

驅逐出境

diplomatic immunity

外交豁免權

extradition

引渡

felony

重罪

fugitive

逃犯

human trafficking

人口販運

legal custody

監護

malicious prosecution

惡意控告

mayhem

重傷罪

misdemeanor

輕罪

mistrial

無效審判

mutual combat

互毆

nolo contendere

無罪申訴（刑事訴訟中，被告不認罪但又放棄申辯）

oath

宣誓

obstruction of justice

妨礙司法公正

Piracy

海盜行為,剽竊,著作權侵害

polygraph

測謊

polygyny

一夫多妻

private complaint

自訴

ransom

贖金

restorative justice

修復式司法

Rule of Lenity

從輕適用原則

tamper

竄改

tax evasion

逃漏稅

torture

刑求

vagrant

civil servant

公務人員

amnesty

大赦

budgetary bill

預算案

censure

糾舉

conclude treaty

締結條約

countersignature

副署

Constitutional Court, Constitutional Tribunal

憲法法庭

council

議會

in recess

休會

impeach

彈劾

initiative

創制

interpellate

(議會)質詢

magistrate

(縣長)地方行政官;地方法官

martial law

戒嚴令

minister without portfolio

政務委員

no-confidence vote

不信任投票

parliamentary government, cabinet system, parliamentary system

內閣制

provincial government

省政府

provincial advisory council

省諮議會

ratification

(國會追認)n. 正式批准

separation of powers

權力分立

recall

罷免

sovereignty

主權

session

會期

statutory bill

法律案

任期

term

territory

領土

The grand justice

大法官

treaty

條約

unconstitutional

違憲的

缺位

vacant

未遂犯

Attempt

Recidivism

累犯

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