Receptors

Question 1

When a drug binds to a receptor it affects the cell’s function by:

Answer 1

Changing membrane permeability
Enzymatically
Linkage with proteins that control enzyme and chemical processes in the cell

Question 2

Acetylcholine receptors are located on the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. When acetylcholine binds to these receptors the muscle cell becomes more permeable to sodium. This is an example of what type of drug receptor?

Answer 2

Ion channels

Question 3

Enzymes impact the cell by:

Answer 3

If a drug binds to the receptor (outside of the cell) it can cause a change to the intracellular component which then changes the biochemical function of the cell

Question 4

How does a regulatory protein alter the cells?

Answer 4

After a drug binds to receptors, they will undergo a change that causes the receptor to attach to a G protein which alters cell activity by impacting the enzymes or ion channels in the cell

Question 5

Intracellular receptors are commonly used with what drugs?

Answer 5

Hormones & hormone-like drugs

Question 6

_____ is attraction between a drug and receptor

Answer 6

Affinity

Question 7

T/F High affinity drug will bind need a greater concentration to bind to an open receptor

Answer 7

False: It makes it easier to bind to an open receptor

Question 8

T/F Drugs always fit completely into all receptors

Answer 8

False: Drugs can fit into certain locks/receptors and bind partially, completely, or minimally

Question 9

If a drug is very specific, what does that mean?

Answer 9

The drug binds to very specific receptors/cells and tissues that produce a very specific physiological response

Question 10

What is the difference between agonists & antagonists?

Answer 10

Agonists change the cell’s function while antagonists do not change the cell’s function as they occupy receptors to keep agonists from binding (aka beta blockers)

Question 11

Partial agonists occupy receptors but do not evoke a ________ response, they have a ____ affinity, but they do not ______ the receptor they bind to

Answer 11

maximal, high, completely activate

Question 12

Mixed agonists-antagonists affect receptors in what two ways?

Answer 12

stimulate one receptor subtype and block another time simultaneously

Question 13

Define receptor desensitization

Answer 13

overstimulation of a cell by a drug can lead to a decrease in the number of receptors available, brief and transient process

Question 14

Define down-regulation

Answer 14

slow process in which the number of receptors available becomes diminished over time

Question 15

T/F There are drugs that do not impact receptors

Answer 15

True: Some drugs exert their effects without interaction with a receptor