Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

Can hydrophilic messengers pass through the membrane?

A

No. They are often too large. They are detected by membrane bound receptors.

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2
Q

Can hydrophobic messengers pass through the membrane?

A

Yes. Signal receptors can be located inside the cell.

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3
Q

Name three types of membrane receptor

A

G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)

Ion channel receptors

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4
Q

True or False:

G-proteins are receptors on cell surfaces

A

False.
G-proteins are coupled with receptors called G-protein-coupled-receptors, but the G-proteins themselves are not the receptors

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5
Q

True or False:

G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) have seven alpha helixes

A

True

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6
Q

True or False:

G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) have eight alpha helixes

A

False

G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs) have seven alpha helixes

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7
Q

G-proteins are inactivated when bound to what molecule?

A

Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)

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8
Q

G-proteins are activated when bound to what molecule?

A

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

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9
Q

True or False:

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the first enzymes of the pathways they are involved in?

A

True

They have intrinsic enzyme activity

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10
Q

Fill in the gaps:

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) add _____ onto _____

A

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) add phosphate residues onto other proteins (specifically tyrosine proteins)

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11
Q

True or False:

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can only trigger one signal transduction pathway at once

A

False

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can trigger multiple signal pathways at once

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12
Q

True or False:

Abnormal functioning of Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is associated with many types of cancers.

A

True

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13
Q

Fill in the gaps:
Before a ligand binds to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the receptors exist as ______.
Each receptor has a extracellular _____ _____ ____.

A

Before a ligand binds to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the receptors exist as (separate) monomers.
Each receptor has an extracellular ligand binding site.

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14
Q

Fill in the gaps:
After a ligand binds to a receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the two monomers associate with each other to from a _____. This is the ____ form.
Ligands binding to the receptors must be _____.

A

After a ligand binds to a receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the two monomers associate with each other to from a dimer. This is the active form.
Ligands binding to the receptors must be the same.

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15
Q

What is herceptin?

A

Monoclonal antibody to treat early-stage breast cancer. Binds to RTK receptor HER2, blocks ligands from excessively binding to HER2.

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