Receptor Physiology and Cell Signaling Flashcards
Acts as transducers in the signaling pathway.
Receptor
translation of external signal into intracellular events that will produce the response to that signal
Signal transduction
Also the first messengers
Ligands
Type of receptors which bind to lipophilic or lipid soluble ligands
Intracellular receptors
Type of receptor with slower onset of effect
Intracellular receptors
Type of receptor with faster onset of effects
Cell membrane receptors
Type of receptors which alter gene expression
Intracellular receptors
Type of receptors that make use of 2nd messengers and usually activate KINASES to phosphorylate proteins.
Cell membrane receptors
Is bound to the inactive cytoplasmic receptor to keep the receptor in the cytoplasm; a chaperone protein
Heat Shock Protein
Second messenger of effector Adenylyl Cyclase
cAMP
second messengers of PLC (as effector)
DAG and IP3
Pathway of adenylyl cyclase as effector
activated adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP
cAMP activates PKA
PKA liberates catalytic subnutis to phosphorylate target proteins
–> CREB–>gene expression
Pathway of PLC as effector
activated PLC hydrolizes PIP2 into DAG and IP3
DAG remains in the cell membrane
IP3 bind to IP3 gated calcium channels in ER which opens the calcium channels
Calcium ions are released into cytosol
Depletion iif intracellular calcium will activate SOC channels
Increase in intracellular calcium and DAG will activate PKC which phosphorylates multiple targets
Second messenger of PLA2
eicosanoids
Second messengers of cyclooxygenase
prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes
Receptor of ANP
Guanylyl cyclase
Receptor of TGF-B; involved in phosphorylation of SMAD
Serine/Threonine Kinases
Receptor of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF; MAPK pathway) and Insulin (PI3K pathway); JAK
Tyrosine Kinases
Enzymes which phosphorylates protein substrates
Enzyme
