Recap Of Nervous System Flashcards
Hippoccrates was first to consider?
The brain to be the seat of thought & emotion
Prehistoric brain surgery: 7000 years ago trepanation was used to?
Cure afflictions such as demonic possessions
Aristotle didn’t agree and thought
That the brain served to cool the passions of the heart
Galen thought Aristotle to be absurd and …
Continued to make accurate anatomical observations of cats, dogs and sheep
Descartes proposed mind body dualism. Mind controls the movement of the body whilst the body supplies the mind with information via the …?
Pineal body
Brain contains?
Hollow chambers (ventricles) that are filled with CSF
Right hemisphere?
Minor dominance e.g. Spatial reasoning
Left hemisphere?
Dominant in language and movement
Connections between the hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
Brain contains 4 ventricles filled with CSF?
Lateral, Third, Cerebral aqueduct & Fourth
Forebrain includes ?
Telencephalon & diencephalan
Midbrain ( Mesencephalon) includes
Tectum & Tegmentum
Hindbrain includes ?
Metencephalon & Myelencephalon
The forebrain ( telencephalon) consists of?
Cerebral cortex, Limbic system & Basal ganglia
Cerebral cortex lobes and functions?
Lobes: Frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal
Functions: sensory, motor & association
Sensory cortex distribution homunculus
What a human would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain related to its sensory perception
Which lobe was damaged for phineas gage?
Frontal lobes
Limbic system: emotion, learning and memory: most important structures?
Hippocampus: learning and memory
Amygdala: emotion
Fornix: connects hippocampus to other areas of brain
Mammillary bodies: projects to part of hypothalamus
Basal ganglia is ?
Collection of sub cortical nuclei in the forebrain
3 major structures of the basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus
In Parkinson’s disease which of the structures are most effected?
Caudate nucleus and putamen
Two major structures of the diencephalan?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
The thalamus is ?
Situated near the middle of the cerebral hemispheres. Most neural input to the cerebral cortex is received by the thalamus
Hypothalamus ?
Controls the ANS functioning, endocrine system, ingestive behaviour and sleep
The midbrain (mesencephalon ) Tectum ?
Superior visual system and inferior colliculi auditory system
Tegmentum involves
Reticular formation, arousal, attention muscle tonus and movement
Metencephalon of the hindbrain ?
Cerebellum it receives and combines movement, somatosensory, vestibular, visual and auditory information.
Myelencephalon of the hindbrain ?
Medulla: contains part of the reticular formation, nuclei vital for functions such as respiration, cardiovascular system and muscle tonus
Pons contains ?
Part of reticular formation, sleep and arousal
Spinal cord is surrounded by?
24 individual vertebrae from the head, thoracic and lumbar areas
2 main functions of the spinal cord?
Distribute motor fibres to effector organs and collect somatosensory information to be passed on to the brain
Dorsal root contains ?
Ventral root contains ?
Incoming afferent sensory fibres
All outgoing efferent fibers towards muscle and glands
Caudal block?
Administration of pain relief in pelvic surgery or childbirth
Spinal nerves ?
Begin at the junction of the dorsal and ventral root of the spinal cord and travel to muscle or sensory receptors
12 cranial nerves
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, auditory, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory and hypoglossal
ANS: SNS associated with?
Activities of energy expenditure from reserves fight or flight response
ANS: PNS operates ?
During times of rest and restoration, activities that increase the body’s supply of energy
