Recap 2 Coasts Flashcards
Geological structure refers to the arrangement of rocks in three dimensions. There are three key elements to geological structure. Describe them.
STRATA: the different layers of rock within an area and how they relate to each other.
DEFORMATION: the degree to which rock units have been deformed (tilted or folded) by tectonic activity.
FAULTING: the presence of major fractures that have moved rocks from their original positions.
Define concordant coastline.
Or Pacific coasts, are generated when rock strata run parallel to the coastline.
Give some characteristics of a concordant coast.
a
What is the Holocene?
The geological epoch that began about 12,000 years ago at the end of the last Pleistocene ice age. Its early stages were marked by large sea level rises of about 35m and a warming interglacial climate.
What is the difference between an anticline and syncline?
Anticline: A ridge or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope downwards from the crest. (top)
Syncline: A trough or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope upwards from the axis. (bottom)
What is the difference between a submergent and emergent coast?
(Submergent) Stretch of coastline that is inundated by the sea due to eustatic or isostatic changes (e.g. Dalmatian coast).
Whereas,
(Emergent) Stretch of coastline that has been exposed by receding sea levels or isotactic uplift/rebound (e.g. Haff coast).
The coast of Dalmatia is an example of a concordant coastline. How was it formed?
a
Haff coastlines are another type of concordant coasts. How are they formed?
a
Define discordant coastline.
Or Atlantic coasts, form when different rock strata intersect the coast at an angle, so geology varies along the coastline.
Give some characteristics of a discordant coast.
a
Headlands and bays are common on discordant coasts. Explain the effect headlands and bays have on wave crests.
a
Cliff profiles are influenced by several different aspects of geology. What two characteristics are dominant?
a
What is meant by the dip of the rock strata?
a
How do faults influence cliff profiles and rates of erosion?
a
How do joints influence cliff profiles and rates of erosion?
a
