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PHYSIOLOGY > RECALLS (Prelims) - Organization of GIT & Gastric Function > Flashcards

RECALLS (Prelims) - Organization of GIT & Gastric Function Flashcards

1
Q

Amylase is found in the ff EXCEPT:

A

Stomach

  • mouth - salivary amylase
    pancreas - pancreatic amylase,
    duodenum - agihanan daw ug enzyme
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2
Q

Somatostatin source

A

D cell in antrum

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3
Q

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) source

A

K cells in duodenum

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4
Q

D cells in the corpus of stomach are triggered by:

A

NEURAL and HORMONAL mechanisms

*ANTRAL D CELLS: low intralluminal pH

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5
Q

Basal luminal pH

A

4-6

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6
Q

Initiate protein digestion by hydrolyzing specific peptide linkages

A

Chief Cells

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7
Q

Inhibit both gastrin release and parietal cell acid secretion

A

Somatostatin

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8
Q

Emptying of solids is regulated

A

Antral smooth muscles

  • Liquids: proximal part
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9
Q

The key step in gastric acid secretion

A

Extrusion of H ion in exchange for K ion

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10
Q

The following are the function of secretin, EXCEPT:

a. Inhibition of antral gastrin release
b. Stimulation of somatostatin release
c. Direct down-regulation of parietal; cell H ion
secretory process
d. Inhibition of gastrin release in the corpus

A

Inhibition of Gastrin release in the corpus

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11
Q

What phase accounts for the largest gastrin release

A

Gastric Phase ​

  • 50%-60% total gastric acid secretion
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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE

The chief cells and mucous cells secrete pepsinogens

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Regulates the movement of contents of the common bile duct into the duodenum

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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14
Q

The following are true, EXCEPT:

A

The ENS cannot operate without the CNS

  • ​ENS is a complete reflex
    circuit and can operate totally within GI tract without participation of either spinal cord or cephalic brain
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15
Q

The following are true regarding GALT

A. Permit immunologic tolerance
B. Consists of both organized aggregates of lymphoid tissue
C. Diffuse populations of immune cells
D. All of the Above

A

D. All of the Above

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16
Q

Absorptagogues

A

Glucocorticoids

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17
Q

Enterochromaffin-like cells release

A

Histamine

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18
Q

When you feel anger and fear why is there slow digestion?

A

Sympathetic fibers also supply the postganglionic part of digestion

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19
Q

During Chronic Gastritis when Parietal cells are damaged what function is impaired:

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

  • Gastric, blood, digestion function: Parietal cells produce IF and HCl
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20
Q

What is the bulk of secretion during basal state

A

Sodium rich

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21
Q

Function of colon

A

Fecal formation

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22
Q

Mixing in the small intestine

A

Segmental contractions

  • DEGLUTITION - SWALLOWING
    MASTICATION - CHEWING
    PROPULSION - WAVE LIKE MOVEMENT
    MASS PERISTALSIS - COLON
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23
Q

If the nerves are damaged what layer is damaged

A

Submucosa

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24
Q

Direct and indirectly stimulates gastric acid secretion, EXCEPT:

A

Histamine

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25
Q

Parasympathetic effect on GIT, EXCEPT:

A. Increased pepsinogen secretion
B. Increased acid secretion
C. Increased mucus secretion
D. No Exception

A

D. No Exception

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26
Q

Peristalsis is by what plexus

A

Auerbach plexus (Myenteric)

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27
Q

Lower Esophageal Sphincter is a __________ muscle that prevents reflux of gastric contents to __________

A

Smooth

Esophagus

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28
Q

Sympathetic fibers act on the internal sphincter, then the muscle of the external sphincter is acted
upon by …

A

Inhibit defecation

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29
Q

Prevent reflux of food from stomach going to esophagus

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

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30
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Distention of esophagus is PRIMARY PERISTALSIS

A

FALSE

  • SECONDARY PERISTALSIS
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31
Q

Contractions of the smooth muscles in the tunica
muscularis in the GIT causes _________ stimulated by
__________ plexus?

A

Peristalsis

Auerbach’s

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32
Q

Secretions in Stomach

A

H+ rich

33
Q

Low Pressure in Stomach even there is

more food

A

Parietal Cells

34
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Parietal Cells

35
Q

Central mechanism of gastric inhibition

A

Somatostatin

36
Q

When you feel anger & fear, why is there

slow digestion?

A

Sympathetic fibers also supply the

postganglionic part of the digestion

37
Q

The __________ nervous system stimulates and
promotes digestion.

a. Parasympathetic
b. Sympathetic
c. Central
d. Peripheral

A

c. Central

38
Q

Primary function of Large Intestine

a. Mechanical Digestion
b. Chemical Digestion
c. Nutrient Absorption
d. Fecal Formation

A

d. Fecal Formation

39
Q

Which is false regarding the ENS?

a. It contains interneurons that contains
sensory and motor neurons
b. It contains enteric sensory and motor
neurons
c. Local control
d. Can’t work without CNS
A

d. Can’t work without CNS

40
Q

Viscous fingering is the mechanism for movement of

A

Movement of H+/HCl

41
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Low pressure in Stomach even when there
is food

A

TRUE

42
Q

Decrease Gastric acid secretion

A

VIP, CCK, Secretin

43
Q

Blocks secretion of Pancreas

A

Sphincter of Oddi

44
Q

Motor/Peristalsis

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) Plexus

45
Q

Which has a trophic effect?

a. CCK
b. Secretin
c. Gastrin
d. VIP

A

c. Gastrin

46
Q

Stimulation of the internal anal sphincter by
the sympathetic NS or stimulation of the external anal sphincter by somatic motor
NS

a. Stimulates mass movement
b. Inhibits mass movement
c. Stimulates defecation reflex
d. Inhibits defecation reflex

A

d. Inhibits defecation reflex

47
Q

Enzymes not secreted into:

a. Esophagus
b. Mouth
c. Intestines
d. Stomach

A

a. Esophagus

48
Q

Prevents food from going to Small Intestine

A

Pyloric Valve

49
Q

Not digested

a. Vitamins
b. Amino acids
c. Carbohydrates

A

a. Vitamins

50
Q

Increase Gastric acid secretion

A

Ach, Histamine, Gastrin

51
Q

Free fatty acids & monosaccharides

A

CCK

52
Q

No amylase

A

Stomach

53
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Operate totally without participation of brain

54
Q

Effects of gastrin

A

Acid secretion

Histamine Release

55
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Controls the GIT function

56
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Mixing and propulsion

57
Q

Propulsion in Small Intestine

A

Segmental Contraction

58
Q

True of Secretin

A

Increase down regulation of H+

secretion of parietal cell

59
Q

Mechanism in which somatostatin DIRECTLY inhibits

gastric acid secretion

A

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase

60
Q

TRUE or FALSE

<2 mm food is permitted to the duodenum

A

TRUE

61
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

Parietal Cells

62
Q

Stimulation of H-K Pump

A

Apical Surface

63
Q

Tunica Muscularis

A

Peristalsis & Auerbach’s Plexus

64
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Duodenum

65
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

Prevents chyme from going back to the esophagus

66
Q

Motor Sensory on External Anal Sphincter

A

Delay defecation

67
Q

VIP

A

Inhibition of intestinal smooth muscle

68
Q

Ach

A

Contraction & Secretion

69
Q

Prevents the gastric contents from entering the small

intestine

A

Pyloric valve

70
Q

Which of the following stimulates gastric acid
secretion

a. Gastrin, ACh, Histamine
b. Histamine and Secretin
c. Gastrin and Somatostatin
d. HIstamine and Somatostatin

A

a. Gastrin, ACh, Histamine

71
Q

Primary stimulant to peristalsis

A

Distention of gut

72
Q

2 layers of smooth muscle

A

inner layer- circular; outer- longitudinal

73
Q

Where is Auerbach’s plexus?

A

myenteric plexus exists between the longitudinal and circular layers of
muscularis externa in the gastrointestinal tract

74
Q

Problem with Hirschsprung’s disease

A

aganglionic part in large intestine

75
Q

Problem with achalasia

A

failure of relaxation of LES

76
Q

Digestion in the brush border enzyme

A

membrane digestion

77
Q

Fluid load present in small intestine

A

8-9L/day

78
Q

Ingestion of food initiates responses from endocrine, neural and paracrine. Differentiate the 3

A

Endocrine- release of transmitter
Neural- activation of nerves and neurotransmitters
Paracrine- sensor cell release transmitter affecting adjacent cells without
entering blood or activating neurons

79
Q

Swallowing center is controlled by what nerve?

A

CN V, IX, X, XII- trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal

PHYSIOLOGY (6 decks)

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