recall task

Question 1

amino acids are compounds that contain two functional groups (the two that are at either end of the compound). what are they? and what is their chemical formulae?

Answer 1

amino group- NH2
carboxylic acid- COOH

Question 2

what kind of bonds link multiple amino acids?

Answer 2

peptide bonds

Question 3

proteins are polymers of amino acids, of which there are twenty. which functional group differs in each amino acid?

Answer 3

R group

Question 4

what is the primary structure of an amino acid?

Answer 4

sequence of amino acids (bonded by peptide bonds)

Question 5

the secondary structure occurs when what kind of bonds are formed?

Answer 5

hydrogen bonds

Question 6

what are the two types of shapes which can be formed due to these bonds?

Answer 6

alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

Question 7

what is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 7

3D structure

Question 8

name the three additional bonds formed in the tertiary structure

Answer 8

hydrogen
ionic
disulfide

Question 9

what is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Answer 9

more than 1 polypeptide chain bonded together

Question 10

give an example of a globular protein and its function

Answer 10

haemoglobin-transport
pepsin-enzymes
insulin-hormone

Question 11

give an example of a fibrous protein and its function

Answer 11

collagen-structural support
keratin-protection/waterproofing

Question 12

what is an enzyme?

Answer 12

protein molecule-biological catalyst

Question 13

what part of the enzyme is unique and complementary to the substrate?

Answer 13

active site

Question 14

explain, simply, what the collision theory is with respect to enzymes and substrates

Answer 14

particles must collide, (enzymes and substrates much physically collide with each other) in the correct orientation (the substrate must collide with the enzymes active site in the right position), and with sufficient energy (the collision must have enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and allow the reaction to proceed).

Question 15

name two things that can impact the frequency of collisions and therefore rate of reaction

Answer 15

changing temp, concentration (of substrate or enzyme), and surface area of substrate

Question 16

what is the intermediate step (thing that is formed) when an enzyme reacts with the substrate?

Answer 16

enzyme substrate complex

Question 17

what’s the difference between the lock and key and the induced fit models?

Answer 17

lock and key- active site shape is unique
induced fit- active site changes to better fit substrate

Question 18

what is activation energy?

Answer 18

minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place

Question 19

how does temperature effect the rate of reaction?

Answer 19

increase temperature = increased rate of reaction

Question 20

how does concentration of substrate affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 20

increased concentration = increased rate of reaction

Question 21

how does the surface area affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 21

increased surface area = increased rate of reaction

Question 22

what is it called when the shape of the active site changed, preventing binding of the substrate to the enzyme?

Answer 22

denaturing

Question 23

what is the term used to temperature and pH, where the rate of reaction is the greatest?

Answer 23

optimum

Question 24

what is a competitive inhibitor and is the binding of this inhibitor reversible or non-reversible?

Answer 24

binds to active site and “competes” with substrate for binding - reversible

Question 25

what is a non-competitive inhibitor and is the binding of this inhibitor reversible or non-reversible?

Answer 25

binds to another site on the enzyme that isn’t the active site - non-reversible