biological molecules

Question 1

What are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The bond formed between two monosaccharides is called a __________.

Answer 3

Glycosidic bond

Question 4

What is the primary function of proteins in biological systems?

Answer 4

To serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.

Question 5

What type of bond links amino acids together?

Answer 5

Peptide bond

Question 6

Which of the following is a polysaccharide: glucose, starch, or fructose?

Answer 6

Starch

Question 7

True or False: All lipids are fats.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 8

DNA and RNA

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The structural formula of a fatty acid includes a long hydrocarbon chain and a __________ group.

Answer 9

Carboxyl

Question 10

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Answer 10

To provide energy and serve as structural components.

Question 11

Which type of bond forms between nucleotides in nucleic acids?

Answer 11

Phosphodiester bond

Question 12

Name the three components of a nucleotide.

Answer 12

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 13

What is the simplest form of a carbohydrate?

Answer 13

Monosaccharide

Question 14

True or False: Proteins can function as hormones.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the term for a protein’s three-dimensional structure?

Answer 15

Tertiary structure

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The process by which proteins lose their structure and function is called __________.

Answer 16

Denaturation

Question 17

Which type of lipid is primarily responsible for forming cell membranes?

Answer 17

Phospholipids

Question 18

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 18

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fatty acids do.

Question 19

Which monosaccharide is commonly known as blood sugar?

Answer 19

Glucose

Question 20

True or False: Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 21

To act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The repeating unit of proteins is called an __________.

Answer 22

Amino acid

Question 23

What is a characteristic feature of steroids?

Answer 23

They have a four-carbon ring structure.

Question 24

Which carbohydrate is stored in animal cells for energy?

Answer 24

Glycogen

Question 25

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What are the two types of nucleic acid bases?

Answer 26

Purines and pyrimidines.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of lipids is known as a __________.

Answer 27

Fatty acid

Question 28

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

Answer 28

To maintain cell membrane integrity and serve as a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 29

Which carbohydrate is primarily used for energy in plants?

Answer 29

Starch

Question 30

True or False: The primary structure of a protein refers to its sequence of amino acids.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the term for the sugar component of DNA?

Answer 31

Deoxyribose

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The bond between fatty acids and glycerol is called an __________.

Answer 32

Ester bond

Question 33

What is the function of carbohydrates in cell recognition?

Answer 33

They serve as markers on cell surfaces.

Question 34

Which type of protein structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges?

Answer 34

Tertiary structure

Question 35

True or False: Lipids are hydrophilic molecules.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 36

Proteins that have carbohydrates attached to them.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The two strands of DNA are held together by __________ bonds between complementary bases.

Answer 37

Hydrogen

Question 38

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

Answer 38

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 39

Which type of lipid is used for long-term energy storage?

Answer 39

Triglycerides

Question 40

True or False: Carbohydrates can be classified as either simple or complex.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the significance of the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 41

It determines the protein's final shape and function.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy is known as __________.

Answer 42

Glycolysis