Recall Fatima Part 2 Flashcards
Describe the use of Infliximab in immunomodulatory treatment.
Infliximab is used when there is no concurrent CMV infection.
What should be done for the delivered placenta in post-delivery management?
Ensure IV access.
What action should be taken for the undelivered placenta in post-delivery management?
Perform uterine massage.
How should supportive care be managed post-delivery?
Hydration is key.
What are the first-line antibiotics for treatment?
Doxycycline and erythromycin.
What are the second-line antibiotics for treatment?
Corticosteroids.
What is the recommended method for diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma?
Biopsy.
What are the options for topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma?
Various options available.
What caution should be exercised when using SSRIs?
Watch for interactions with cannabis and alcohol.
How should withdrawal of SSRIs in young people be managed?
Withdrawal should be gradual over months.
Differentiate between palliative care and hospice care.
Palliative care includes pain management alongside curative treatments and is not necessarily terminal, while hospice care is for terminal patients typically with less than 6 months to live.
What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma Pneumonia?
Can cause rash, bullous erythema.
How is Mycoplasma Pneumonia transmitted?
Spread through respiratory droplets.
What are the instructions for insulin administration in major surgery?
Maintain usual dose and diet but fast from midnight, start insulin 24 hours post-surgery until oral fluids are resumed, and regularly monitor blood glucose during surgery.
What is the approach to insulin administration in minor surgery?
Delay insulin administration until post-surgery.
How are HLA genes associated with celiac disease?
Presence of certain HLA genes increases the risk for celiac disease.
What dietary management is recommended for individuals with celiac disease?
Avoid cow’s milk in sensitive individuals.
What are the recommended oral laxatives for constipation in infants <1 month?
Coloxyl drops.
What are the recommended oral laxatives for constipation in infants 1-12 months?
Iso-osmotic laxative (Movicol Junior™ or Lactulose).
What are the recommended oral laxatives for constipation in children?
Iso-osmotic laxative or lubricant (paraffin oil).
What may be needed for children with stool withholding and constipation?
Inpatient disimpaction.
Define secondary amenorrhea.
Absence of menses for >3 months in previously regular cycles or >6 months in previously irregular cycles.
Describe the significance of a positive serum hCG result in the evaluation process.
A positive serum hCG result indicates pregnancy.
What are some major causes assessed during the evaluation process based on history and physical examination?
Weight change, eating disorders, excessive exercise, galactorrhea, hot flashes, acne, hirsutism, systemic illness, uterine instrumentation.
How should elevated Prolactin levels be interpreted in the evaluation process?
Repeat Prolactin test; if elevated again, consider Hyperprolactinemia (Next step: Pituitary MRI); if normal, continue normal evaluation.
Define the next steps if FSH levels are found to be elevated during the evaluation process.
Elevated FSH suggests Primary ovarian insufficiency (typically with low E2).
What should be done if TSH levels are abnormal during the evaluation process?
Treat thyroid disease.
Describe the evaluation process if E2 levels are found to be low.
Low E2 indicates Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, systemic illness, hypothalamic/pituitary disorders).
What is the recommended action if signs of Hyperandrogenism are present during the evaluation process?
Consider Pituitary MRI to rule out sellar mass. Likely PCOS.
How should normal labs and a history of uterine instrumentation be further evaluated during the process?
Perform Progestin Withdrawal Test; if no bleeding, conduct further tests like estrogen/progestin withdrawal test or hysteroscopy.
What type of test is recommended for drug abuse evaluation in the initial stage of assessment?
Urine test.
Describe the medication that is contraindicated for females planning conception due to teratogenicity.
Methotrexate (MTX) is contraindicated.
Do males shift to 5-aminosalicylic acid without causing oligospermia?
Yes, males can shift to 5-aminosalicylic acid without causing oligospermia.
Describe the management of electrolyte imbalances in TPN related to rapid refeeding.
Monitor electrolytes, supplement phosphate, magnesium, potassium, gradual refeeding, and provide thiamine supplementation.
How should head injury management be approached based on GCS levels?
Mild head injury without risk factors (GCS = 15) requires a secondary survey and discharge if acting normally. Mild head injury with risk factors (GCS = 14 to 15) involves observation for up to 4 hours and consideration of neuroimaging. Moderate head injury (GCS = 9 to 13) requires consultation with a senior clinician/neurosurgical team, urgent CT head +/- cervical spine, and specific management protocols. Severe head injury (GCS = 3 to 8) necessitates activation of the trauma team, consideration of intubation, consultation with the neurosurgical team, urgent CT head +/- cervical spine, and specific management protocols.
Define the initial assessment steps for managing an Iliac Pseudoaneurysm (IPA).
The initial assessment involves vascular imaging to determine the size of the IPA.
What are the treatment options for an Iliac Pseudoaneurysm (IPA) with a size of 3.0 cm or larger?
For an IPA size ≥ 3.0 cm, treatment options include Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection (UGTI) for uncomplicated cases and Open Surgical Repair for complicated cases.
