Recall Fatima Part 2

Question 1

Describe the use of Infliximab in immunomodulatory treatment.

Answer 1

Infliximab is used when there is no concurrent CMV infection.

Question 2

What should be done for the delivered placenta in post-delivery management?

Answer 2

Ensure IV access.

Question 3

What action should be taken for the undelivered placenta in post-delivery management?

Answer 3

Perform uterine massage.

Question 4

How should supportive care be managed post-delivery?

Answer 4

Hydration is key.

Question 5

What are the first-line antibiotics for treatment?

Answer 5

Doxycycline and erythromycin.

Question 6

What are the second-line antibiotics for treatment?

Answer 6

Corticosteroids.

Question 7

What is the recommended method for diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 7

Biopsy.

Question 8

What are the options for topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 8

Various options available.

Question 9

What caution should be exercised when using SSRIs?

Answer 9

Watch for interactions with cannabis and alcohol.

Question 10

How should withdrawal of SSRIs in young people be managed?

Answer 10

Withdrawal should be gradual over months.

Question 11

Differentiate between palliative care and hospice care.

Answer 11

Palliative care includes pain management alongside curative treatments and is not necessarily terminal, while hospice care is for terminal patients typically with less than 6 months to live.

Question 12

What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma Pneumonia?

Answer 12

Can cause rash, bullous erythema.

Question 13

How is Mycoplasma Pneumonia transmitted?

Answer 13

Spread through respiratory droplets.

Question 14

What are the instructions for insulin administration in major surgery?

Answer 14

Maintain usual dose and diet but fast from midnight, start insulin 24 hours post-surgery until oral fluids are resumed, and regularly monitor blood glucose during surgery.

Question 15

What is the approach to insulin administration in minor surgery?

Answer 15

Delay insulin administration until post-surgery.

Question 16

How are HLA genes associated with celiac disease?

Answer 16

Presence of certain HLA genes increases the risk for celiac disease.

Question 17

What dietary management is recommended for individuals with celiac disease?

Answer 17

Avoid cow’s milk in sensitive individuals.

Question 18

What are the recommended oral laxatives for constipation in infants <1 month?

Answer 18

Coloxyl drops.

Question 19

What are the recommended oral laxatives for constipation in infants 1-12 months?

Answer 19

Iso-osmotic laxative (Movicol Junior™ or Lactulose).

Question 20

What are the recommended oral laxatives for constipation in children?

Answer 20

Iso-osmotic laxative or lubricant (paraffin oil).

Question 21

What may be needed for children with stool withholding and constipation?

Answer 21

Inpatient disimpaction.

Question 22

Define secondary amenorrhea.

Answer 22

Absence of menses for >3 months in previously regular cycles or >6 months in previously irregular cycles.

Question 23

Describe the significance of a positive serum hCG result in the evaluation process.

Answer 23

A positive serum hCG result indicates pregnancy.

Question 24

What are some major causes assessed during the evaluation process based on history and physical examination?

Answer 24

Weight change, eating disorders, excessive exercise, galactorrhea, hot flashes, acne, hirsutism, systemic illness, uterine instrumentation.

Question 25

How should elevated Prolactin levels be interpreted in the evaluation process?

Answer 25

Repeat Prolactin test; if elevated again, consider Hyperprolactinemia (Next step: Pituitary MRI); if normal, continue normal evaluation.

Question 26

Define the next steps if FSH levels are found to be elevated during the evaluation process.

Answer 26

Elevated FSH suggests Primary ovarian insufficiency (typically with low E2).

Question 27

What should be done if TSH levels are abnormal during the evaluation process?

Answer 27

Treat thyroid disease.

Question 28

Describe the evaluation process if E2 levels are found to be low.

Answer 28

Low E2 indicates Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, systemic illness, hypothalamic/pituitary disorders).

Question 29

What is the recommended action if signs of Hyperandrogenism are present during the evaluation process?

Answer 29

Consider Pituitary MRI to rule out sellar mass. Likely PCOS.

Question 30

How should normal labs and a history of uterine instrumentation be further evaluated during the process?

Answer 30

Perform Progestin Withdrawal Test; if no bleeding, conduct further tests like estrogen/progestin withdrawal test or hysteroscopy.

Question 31

What type of test is recommended for drug abuse evaluation in the initial stage of assessment?

Answer 31

Urine test.

Question 32

Describe the medication that is contraindicated for females planning conception due to teratogenicity.

Answer 32

Methotrexate (MTX) is contraindicated.

Question 33

Do males shift to 5-aminosalicylic acid without causing oligospermia?

Answer 33

Yes, males can shift to 5-aminosalicylic acid without causing oligospermia.

Question 34

Describe the management of electrolyte imbalances in TPN related to rapid refeeding.

Answer 34

Monitor electrolytes, supplement phosphate, magnesium, potassium, gradual refeeding, and provide thiamine supplementation.

Question 35

How should head injury management be approached based on GCS levels?

Answer 35

Mild head injury without risk factors (GCS = 15) requires a secondary survey and discharge if acting normally. Mild head injury with risk factors (GCS = 14 to 15) involves observation for up to 4 hours and consideration of neuroimaging. Moderate head injury (GCS = 9 to 13) requires consultation with a senior clinician/neurosurgical team, urgent CT head +/- cervical spine, and specific management protocols. Severe head injury (GCS = 3 to 8) necessitates activation of the trauma team, consideration of intubation, consultation with the neurosurgical team, urgent CT head +/- cervical spine, and specific management protocols.

Question 36

Define the initial assessment steps for managing an Iliac Pseudoaneurysm (IPA).

Answer 36

The initial assessment involves vascular imaging to determine the size of the IPA.

Question 37

What are the treatment options for an Iliac Pseudoaneurysm (IPA) with a size of 3.0 cm or larger?

Answer 37

For an IPA size ≥ 3.0 cm, treatment options include Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection (UGTI) for uncomplicated cases and Open Surgical Repair for complicated cases.