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History: Britain 1930 - 1951 > Rebuilding The Country > Flashcards

Rebuilding The Country Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Beveridge Commission created?

A

In 1941, by the conservative administration

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2
Q

When was the Beveridge Report published?

A

In 1942

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3
Q

Which party adopted the Beveridge Report?

A

The Labour Party

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4
Q

How was the war presented under the coalition government?

A

As a “people’s war,” meaning that the public had high expectations of rewards following the conflict

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5
Q

What did people want the government to do following the war?

A
  • Reform the social security system
  • Reform the healthcare system
  • Continue with the free milk for children policy (1940)
  • Reform hospital treatment
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6
Q

Name Beveridge’s five priorities

A
  • Want
  • Disease
  • Ignorance
  • Squalor
  • Idleness
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7
Q

What was want?

A

The need for an adequate income for all

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8
Q

What was Disease?

A

The need for healthcare access

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9
Q

What was Ignorance?

A

The need for access to education

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10
Q

What was squalor?

A

The need for adequate housing

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11
Q

What was idleness?

A

The need for gainful employment

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12
Q

How many copies did the Beveridge report sell within weeks?

A

635,000

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13
Q

How popular was the Beveridge Report?

A

After two weeks of publication, 19/20 had heard of the report and 9/10 supported its proposals

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14
Q

How many people were eligible for old age pensions in 1939?

A

21 million

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15
Q

How many people were covered by government unemployment insurance?

A

15.5 million

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16
Q

How many people were covered by national health insurance in 1939?

A

20 million people (maximum half the population)

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17
Q

What did the Beveridge Report propose?

A
  • Extend pension and unemployment insurance
  • Health system for all
  • Compulsary insurance scheme to eliminate poverty
  • A family allowance for second children
  • A marriage grant
  • A maternity grant
  • A death grant
  • Remove means test
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18
Q

What was the promise of the Beveridge Report?

A

To look after the public from cradle to grave (or from Womb to Tomb hehe)

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19
Q

What was the Family Allowance Act of 1945?

A

A law meaning that families would have money for children after their second.

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20
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to resolve Ingorance?

A

1944 Education Act

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21
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle want?

A
  • 1945 family allowances act
  • 1946 national insurance act
  • 1948 national assistance act
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22
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle idleness?

A

Nationalisation

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23
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle squalor?

A
  • 1946 Housing Production Executive

- 1946 New Towns Act

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24
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle disease?

A

1946 National Health Service Act

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25
Q

Who was responsible for the creation of the NHS?

A

Aneurin Bevan

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26
Q

Who did resistance for the NHS come from and why?

A

The medical profession who were worried about potential cost and loss of status

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27
Q

What proportion of the population received free medical care in 1945?

A

50%

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28
Q

What was provided during the war?

A

An emergency medical service: the government provided 1000 new operating theatres and millions of bandages

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29
Q

When was the national health act passed?

A

1946

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30
Q

Sorry just appreciate this as well

A
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31
Q

Which establishment was most opposed to the NHS

A

The British Medical Association (BMA)

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32
Q

When did the BMA’s opposition to state interference go back to?

A

Opposition to the National Insurance Scheme (1911)

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33
Q

What were the fears of the BMA?

A

For its members to lose money and become mere civil servants

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34
Q

What was the result of the ballot run in 1948 by the BMA?

A

84% voted against joining the NHS

35
Q

When did Bevan schedule the NHS to begin?

A

On the 5th July 1948, shortly after the poll taken by the BMA

36
Q

What did Bevan do to appease doctors?

A

He allowed them to continue to treat private patients

37
Q

How did Bevan say he had won success?

A

By “stuffing the consultants’” mouths with gold

38
Q

How much of the population had signed up to the NHS by 5th July 1948?

A

75%

39
Q

How many people were enrolled to the NHS by September 1948?

A

93%

40
Q

What percentage of GPs participated in the NHS by 1948?

A

90%

41
Q

How much did the NHS cost to run in its first year?

A

£248 million, almost £140 million more than had been originally estimated

42
Q

How much had been put aside to pay for free spectacles originally and how long did this last?

A

£2 million, which lasted only weeks

43
Q

How many people were issued with NHS spectacles in the first year?

A

Over five million

44
Q

How many prescriptions were estimated to be dispensed annually compared to the reality?

A

140 million, when in fact it increased up to 229 million in 1951

45
Q

What were annual costs for the NHS by the time Labour left power?

A

£500 million

46
Q

What did the Conservatives do when they entered power?

A

They said they would retain the NHS

47
Q

When did Labour insist on introducing charges for some dental equipment and for prescriptions?

A

1951, leading to Bevan’s resignation

48
Q

When was the Education Act passed?

A

1944

49
Q

What did the Education Act do?

A

It created a Ministry of Education with the aim of creating a national system of education

50
Q

How was the education of children split?

A

Into primary, secondary, and further

51
Q

How was education provided for?

A

By local authorities

52
Q

What did local authorities set up for education?

A

Local Education Authorities

53
Q

What was the school leaving age raised to in 1947?

A

15

54
Q

What was made compulsory by the Education Act?

A

Daily religious worship

55
Q

What were the three types of secondary schools?

A

Grammar, secondary modern, and technical

56
Q

What was the problem with the grammar system?

A

People who went to grammar schools had a huge advantage in later life, and few technical schools opened

57
Q

What did the Beveridge report recommend?

A

To extend old age pensions and unemployment insurance, to introduce a health system for all, and the ideal that the “benefits” provided by the state should be universal.

58
Q

What was the immediate response of the government to housing destruction during the war?

A

To build prefab houses and bungalows as a replacement, designed to last 10 years

59
Q

How many prehab homes would be needed when the war ended?

A

200,000

60
Q

How many prefabs did the government aim to build by the end of the war just in case?

A

500,000

61
Q

How many units did the post war government aim to build in the decade after the war?

A

300,000

62
Q

How many new houses were built between 1945 and 1951?

A

1.2 million

63
Q

Which acts controlled planning?

A

The New Towns Act 1946 and Town and Country Planning Act 1947

64
Q

What vision did Bevan have for new developments?

A

Places where doctors and the working class could live together

65
Q

What happened to production during the war?

A

It was taken over by the government

66
Q

What were the advantages of war for manufacturing?

A

It helped them recover from the depression

67
Q

Why did Labour want to nationalise key industries?

A

Because they were so crucial for recovery

68
Q

When and how did Labour say it would nationalise?

A

In its manifesto it said it would commit to a program of nationalisation

69
Q

Did Labour compensate business owners?

A

Yes

70
Q

How much did the compensation paid out total?

A

£2,700 million

71
Q

How was nationalisation justified?

A

On grounds of

  • Industrial efficiency
  • Creating jobs
  • Lower prices for the consumer
72
Q

When was the coal industry nationalised?

A

1947

73
Q

How many coalmine owners were compensated?

A

840

74
Q

How many miles of track were bought by the government in 1948?

A

52,000

75
Q

Which type of hauliers were brought under British control?

A

Long distance ones

76
Q

When was the electricity industry nationalised?

A

1947

77
Q

When was the gas industry nationalised?

A

1948

78
Q

What was the trend in unemployment rate after the war?

A

It was 1.6% lower between 1946 and 1950

79
Q

What was the reaction to the welfare state?

A

Mostly negative

80
Q

What was the reaction to the NHS?

A

Very positive - people found it futuristic

81
Q

What was the reaction to education reforms?

A

Positive

82
Q

What was the reaction to nationalisation?

A

Mostly positive

83
Q

What proportion of people were employed in newly nationalised industries?

A

10%

84
Q

What proportion of the economy was owned by the state?

A

20%

History: Britain 1930 - 1951 (7 decks)

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