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History: Britain 1930 - 1951 > Life During Wartime > Flashcards

Life During Wartime Flashcards

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1
Q

When did hitler begin bombing Britain?

A

September 1940.

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2
Q

When was the most significant period of Nazi bombing?

A

September 1940 to May 1941.

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3
Q

When was Britain attacked by Hitler’s revenge weapons?

A

In 1944 and 1945

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4
Q

What were Hitler’s revenge weapons?

A

V-1 and V-2 rockets.

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5
Q

What were Hitler’s aims in war?

A
  • To force British surrender.
  • To break morale.
  • To destroy industry, shipyards and railways that would otherwise have supported the war effort.
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6
Q

Whch part of london was the predominant nazi target?

A

East London.

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7
Q

During what period was London bombed every night?

A

Between 2 September and 2 November 1940.

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8
Q

How many people were killed and made homeless during the Blitz?

A

15,000 killed, 250,000 homeless.

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9
Q

When was the worst attack on Coventry?

A

14th November 1940 (more than 30,000 incendiary bombs dropped).

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10
Q

What was the reaction of the people of Coventry?

A

Many were so terrified that they fled the city each night.

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11
Q

How quickly did Coventry recommence production after the 14th of November?

A

Within 5 days.

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12
Q

When was the biggest bombing attack on Liverpool?

A

The 3rd May 1941, involving over 600 bombers. Fires burned out of control because water mains were hit, while a freighter carrying 1000 tonnes of explosives was hit.

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13
Q

What were the results of attacks on Belfast during April and May 1941?

A

1,000 people were killed, 1,500 people were injured, and 150,000 people were made homeless.

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14
Q

How many vulnerable people remained in Belfast during bombing?

A

80,000 people remained in Belfast overall, with 4,000 evacuated.

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15
Q

When and what was the “Clydebank Blitz”?

A

A heavy bombing attack on the shipbuilding area of Glasgow on the 13 and 14th of March 1941. Around 528 were killed, while 4,000 houses were destroyed and a similar number damaged. 35,000 were made homeless.

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16
Q

Name the strategies implemented by The Swansea Council in preparation for the Blitz.

A
  • Anti-gas training for emergency services.
  • An ARP department, volunteer wardens, first aid points and specially designed mortuaries were created in 1938.
  • Plans made to dig trenches.
  • 500 communal air-raid shelters built.
  • 6,549 Anderson style shelters distributed to private homes in March 1939.
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17
Q

When did the bombardment of Swansea begin?

A

On 27th of June 1940 at 3.30 am, in the Danygraig area. Few casualties were reported. The Luftwaffe didn’t return for eight months.

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18
Q

When and where did the “Three Night Blitz” happen?

A

On the 19th to 21st February 1941, in Swansea.

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19
Q

Recount the events of the Three Nights Blitz.

A

A total of 56,000 incendiary bombs were dropped, accounting for 230 deaths and 7,000 homes destroyed.

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20
Q

How many times was Swansea bombarded between 1940 and 1943?

A

44 times, with 340 deaths.

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21
Q

When did evacuation begin?

A

1st September 1939, the day that Nazis invaded Poland.

22
Q

When was the first wave of evacuation?

A

Between 1939 and 1940.

23
Q

How many people were evacuated in the first wave?

A

1.5 million.

24
Q

What happened to many city schools during evacuation?

A

They were closed.

25
Q

Which period was known as the “Phoney War,” during which many evacuees returned?

A

The period up to Christmas 1939.

26
Q

When was the second phase of evacuation?

A

At ther commencement of the Blitz.

27
Q

When was the final wave of evacuation?

A

With Hitler’s revenge weapons in 1944.

28
Q

From which English cities did Wales receive evacuees?

A

Cities like Liverpool and Birmingham.

29
Q

Where did some families from Swansea go?

A

To the Gower.

30
Q

Was all evacuation planned?

A

No, with whole families leaving cities, effectively become refugees.

31
Q

How many tonnes of food did Britain import in 1938 and what proportion of total food was this?

A

55 million, 75% of total consumption

32
Q

What proportion of meat was imported?

A

Over half

33
Q

When did the government begin planning for wartime food shortages?

A

1936

34
Q

How many British merchant ships had Germany sunk by Christmas 1939?

A

96

35
Q

What was the worst month for ship sinking?

A

March 1942, when Germany sank 275 ships

36
Q

What was the first stage in the rationing process?

A

National Registration Day (29th September 1939), when all households filled out a form giving details of who lived in their households

37
Q

How did the rationing system work?

A

Using coupons

38
Q

Who became minister for food during the war?

A

Lord Woolton

39
Q

What was the points system and when was it introduced?

A

A type of rationing where everything was assigned a value and people had limited points to spend

40
Q

What were the first and last food types to be rationed?

A

Petrol (March 1939) and sweets and chocolate (July 1942)

41
Q

What charitable war organisation did women sign up to?

A

The Women’s Voluntary Service (WVS)

42
Q

What were the names of the women’s armed forces?

A

WRNS (Women’s Royal Naval Services), WAAF (Women’s Auxiliary Air Force), ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service)

43
Q

When did the government start to organise women’s war work?

A

In April 1941, when labour shortages began. By December that year, conscription of women between 19 and 30 was introduced.

44
Q

How many women were part of the war effort by 1943?

A

17 million aged between 14 and 64. This was 90% of single women.

45
Q

How many women worked in the auxiliary services by 1944?

A

450,000

46
Q

How many women were killed in the ATS?

A

335

47
Q

What kinds of hours did women work in aircraft factories?

A

A sixteen hour day was typical, seven days a week and without bank holidays

48
Q

What are some examples of heavy industry that women worked in?

A

Engineering, mechanics and lorry, train and bus drivers.

49
Q

What percentage of factory jobs did women occupy by 1943?

A

57%

50
Q

How did women compare to men in factories?

A

Often better

51
Q

Where were munitions factories built?

A

In the countryside where there was less risk of bombing making commuting difficult for women

52
Q

What percent of mens’ wages did women receive for the same job?

A

Usually 75%

History: Britain 1930 - 1951 (7 decks)

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