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Rebellions Flashcards

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1
Q

Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-7)

Causes (3)

A

Claimant to the throne by claiming to be Edward Earl of Warwick

Dynastic reasoning

Earl of Kildare proclaimed Simnel as King Edward VI therefore Simnel received support from Duchess of Burgundy

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2
Q

Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-7)

2 people involved

A
  • Richard Symonda (priest who’s pupil was Simnel with striking resemblance to Edward)
  • earl of Kildare
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3
Q

Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-7)

1 village/town

A

•East Stoke - Newark

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4
Q

Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-7)

3 nature features

A
  • Symonds has pupil (Simnel) with striking resemblance to Edward (one of the princes in the tower
  • Simnel proclaimed king Edward IV + receives support from Margret if Burgundy
  • After landing back in England (Lancashire), marched across Pennines + south however did not receive support and were defeated by Henry’s army (12,000 men), Lincoln’s army was defeated (8,000 men)
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5
Q

Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-7)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Failure to gain widespread support

* Irish forces were poorly equipped + small army + disliked in England

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6
Q

Lambert Simnel Rebellion (1486-7)

1 outcome of a leader

A

• Symonds = sent to life at Bishops prison

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7
Q

Yorkshire Rebellion (1489)

Causes (3)

A
  • 1489 = Henry wishes to find war in France for Brittany’s independence, if it succeeded England would have a potential foothold in France
  • Henry was given £100,000 in subsidy which would have to be raised through taxation (10% on income)
  • tax showed early sign of income tax, only £27,000 was raised. Main disruption = Yorkshire who has been hit by a poor harvest and had previously been exempt from paying tax as they were defending their northern border from the Scots
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8
Q

Yorkshire Rebellion (1489)

2 people involved

A
  • Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland

* Sir John Egremant

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9
Q

Yorkshire Rebellion (1489)

1 village / town

A

Yorkshire (only place need to know)

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10
Q

Yorkshire Rebellion (1489)

3 nature features

A

• Yorkshire appelled to Henry Percy for help, he asked Henry VII,
Henry Percy turned down he is then killed when he arrives back in Yorkshire
• John Egremant lead a Rebellion, Henry sent Surrey to suppress the Rebellion (there were beliefs it may be dynastic), he easily put down the Rebellion
• Egremant fled to the court of Budgundy because he did not want to face the Rebellion

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11
Q

Yorkshire Rebellion (1489)

1 outcome of a leader

A

• Surrey = made lieutenant in area governed by earl of Northumberland, he had no reason to not be loyal to Henry as his own social / political advances rested with Henry

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12
Q

Yorkshire Rebellion (1489)

Maintenance if political stability (3)

A
  • Henry wanted to assert his rebellion early on his reign so people would not view him as a weak king
  • Henry believed supporting Brittany was the right idea + most important
  • Henry issued many pardons
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13
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

Causes (3)

A
  • Cornwall has been exempt from tax due to war with Scotland
  • 1496 = forced loan from government for war in Scotland is approved, this ignores the fact that Cornwall was previously exempt from tax and Cornwall had to pay
  • This angered tin miners, Cornish people had little sympathy for the English war against Scotland in
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14
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

People involved (2)

A
  • Michael an Gof = blacksmith, head of Rebellion

* Thomas Flamank - gentleman from Bodmin

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15
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

Village/town (1)

A

•Blackheath - where revels we’re defeated

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16
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

Nature features (3)

A
  • Michael an Gof invited many Cornish people to revolt against the king, an army of 15,000 marched 250 miles into Devon attracting support. The march was mainly without violence, the largest apposition force was only 500 strong
  • marched across South England, gained support from James Touchet (a noble), failed to gain support in Kent a large number of the army then left, June 1497 army = 10,000
  • 17 June 1497 = Battle of Blackheath, Henry’s army (25,000), Cornish = un-equipped, An Gof surrenders and is captured + executed with Glamank and Audley
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17
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

1 outcome of a leader

A

all three leaders are executed (An Gof, Flamank, Audley)

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18
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Cornish people were “too different” to attract support in the South of England - many spoke different languages, they had their own local courts + Parliaments (Stannaries) with administrated strict local interests such as managing investment in Cornish tin mines
  • Poorly equipped. They had no cavalry/artillery/good weapons and armour, and were faced with a professional army, made worse by no nobles with recourses to support them
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19
Q

Cornish Rebellion (1497)

Maintenance of political stability (2)

A
  • Henry fined every rebel (except leaders), £15,000 was raised
  • Henry initially initially marched South with an army of 8,00, gathering more and more support until he had 20,000+ men, which shows the support for the crown and government
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20
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

Cause (3)

A
  • Warbeck claimed he was; Duke of York (one of the princes in the tower) after he had denied he was earl of Warwick
  • Charles VIII welcomes Warbeck to Paris, supported by 100 Yorkists (1492) - Margret Burgundy took on Warbeck as her nephew, seen as threatening move by Henry
  • Warbeck gained support from Maxamillion who was for less powerful than he was made out to be, Charles VIII then lost interest in Warbeck
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21
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

People involved (2)

A
  • Margret of Burgundy

- Maxamillion (Holy Romsn Emporer)

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22
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

Village/town (1)

A
  • Waterford - town loyal to henry, it was besieged by Warbeck
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23
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

Nature features (3)

A
  • July 1485 - Warbeck attempts to land at Deal in Kent, it was a failure and therefore sailed to Ireland where he lay siege to waterford which failed
  • Warbeck then sailed for Scotland, James IV gave Warbeck refuge + pension of £1,200 a year he used this to try and invade England which was a failure because no one South of the border was willing to support him, Henry offered his eldest daughters hand in marriage to James IV, this was more valuable to James than Warbeck was therefore Warbeck left and sailed to Ireland
  • Ireland (a house of York) rejected him, so he then sailed to Devon, he received no support and was persuaded to give himself up. He was imprisoned, and tried to escape so was hung (November 1499)
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24
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Little support

- not many people believed he was Richard, Duke of York

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25
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A
  • Warbeck = Jailed initially because he was a foreigner however he tried to escape so Henry charged him with trying to escape and was hung on the 23rd of November 1499
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26
Q

Warbeck Rebellion (1497)

Maintenance of political stability (2)

A
  • Showed support for the crown

- strengthened relations with Ireland through James’s marriage with Henry’s daughter

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27
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

Causes (3)

A
  • henry needed money to finance war with France (£800,000). A new tax was needed to raise this. Wolsey therefore brought in Amicable grant which was a ‘parliamentary’ tax
  • People disliked the grant (mainly in East Anglia), 4 may 1525 = 10,000 men rose un support of Duke of Suffolk + Norfolk in Suffolk
  • All made worse by large unemployment in affected areas, inflation as rising fast - 12% fall in peasants real income, and since 1500 prices had gone up 60%
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28
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

People involved (2)

A
  • Cardinla Wolsey

- Duke of Norfolk

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29
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

Village / town (1)

A
  • Area = South because they were prospering and tax was taken from more wealthy people
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30
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

nature features (3)

A
  • Widespread resentment - in at least 5 counties (Essex, Kent Warwickshire, Norfolk and Suffolk), as well as classes uniting (clergy and laity as well as nobility who resented being made to collect tax which was a very unpopular job)
  • Protestors avoided violence and made it clear they were still loyal to the crown and were only protesting against the tax
  • Protestors were ready to march to London and there was unrest and support for the protestors in London, which maid Henry question their loyalty (rebel force of 4000 outnumbered the available to Duke of Suffolk). because the protests had gone on for some time, Henry’s councillors warned Henry of the consequences if he didn’t back down
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31
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

Reasons for success (2)

A
  • Widespread protests and support in 5 counties, as well as classes uniting
  • Support from the commons in London and even though stating that they were loyal to the crown, the protestors were ready to march on London, this made Henry’s safety uncertain and he was convinced to down
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32
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A
  • Wolsey - Henry put the blame on Wolsey, and Wolsey is made to step down (1529)
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33
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

Maintenance of political stability (2)

A
  • Protestors told Henry they were still loyal to the crown
  • The tax was first scaled back and then abandoned however the amicable grant did not deter the government from further taxation, by the 1540’s taxation was at the heigh it had been for two centuries
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34
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

Causes (3)

A
  • Cromwell’s policies to change power balance in Ireland (control of royal patronage and uniformity of practise) threatened Fitzgerlads (most powerful family in Ireland)
  • 1534 = Earls of Kildare replaced by rival (Lord Skeffington) this was taken as a direct attack on Kildare, however Cromwell had just intended to ensure no, one Irish lord became too powerful
  • Kildare resigned from the privy council and denounced Tudor rule. This was seen as hostile in light of the dangerous atmosphere in the 1530’s with reformation in full-swing, therefore Kildare was sent to the tower of London
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35
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

People involved (2)

A
  • Silken Thomas - Kildare’s son

- Cromwell

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36
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

Village \ town (1)

A
  • Palke (English controlled area of Dublin) - invaded by Thomas
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37
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

Nature features (3)

A
  • Thomas proclaimed a Catholic crusade, inspired by the fear of a reformation sweeping across Ireland, Thomas; demanded the Irish take an oath of loyalty to him and the pope and not Henry; required transfer of allegiance from Tudor to Kildare
  • Thomas refused summons to London, he raised 1,000 men and invaded Palke, he then shipped weapons and gunpowder out of Dublin castle to lay siege to Dublin, this caused a royal response of 2,300 men (largest force sent to Ireland in 150 years), most nobles surrendered as royal army swept through Ireland
  • Thomas was promised his life would be spared if he surrendered, he did so and was arrested, sent to London and executed along with 5 uncles and 70 ringleaders. this = Pardon of Maynooth
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38
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A
  • Silken Thomas is executed along with 5 of his uncles and 70 ringleaders
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39
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Thomas allowed himself to be besieged at Maynooth, this meant that the English forces could concentrate all their force on one point
  • Thomas lost the support of the clergy after he ordered the execution of the Archbishop of Dublin who had tried to mediate. This meant that he received no foreign support from the Pope / Spain
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40
Q

Silken Thomas (1534 - 1535)

Maintenance of political stability (3)

A
  • Government achieved their initial policy of reducing the power of the Irish families, through more executions than any other Tudor rebellion, and costing the Government £75,000
  • Posed no real threat as it was along way from London therefore no real dynastic threat
  • Introduced legal mechanism of ‘surrender and regnant’ which meant that any noble who accepted and proclaimed Henry to be king in Ireland was allowed
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41
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Causes (3)

A
  • Dissolution of the monasteries which provided the need for a charitable social safety net (coincided with visits of kings commissioners especially in Loath, Lincolnshire which was met with resentment)
  • Fear of a new tax in a time of peace, not war, prompted buy passage from Cromwell’s subsidy act authorising the collection of £80,000
  • Actions of Lincolnshire rising
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42
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

People involved (2)

A
  • robert Aske

- Duke of Norfolk

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43
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Village / town (1)

A

Louth, Lincolnshire

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44
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Nature features (3)

A
  • October 1536 = Lincolnshire uprising = 4 commissioners enforcing the act of 10 articles and collecting subsidy, were seized. The rebellion spread organically from Parish to Parish, after a week the gentry assumed control and were seen as the ‘natural leaders of society’. This lead to the first set of demands (October 1530) = Louth manifesto
  • 13 October = Robert Aske headed 9,000 rebels and marched on York, who opened it’s gates to 20,000 men by 23rd October the rebellion was 30,000-40,000 men in the north. The Duke of Norfolk met Aske at Doncaster to settle terms with him, (Henry did not want to do this however it was too dangerous not to do that), therefore a general pardon was issued to all rebels and convened with he 24 articles of Pontefract Manifesto
  • January 1537 = Bigod’s rebellion, Bigod believed the 24 articles was a ruse so that the rebels could be punished so started another rebellion, Henry used it as an excuse to crush the rebels. Former leaders were tried and executed, people hung in their own gardens as a threat as well as Aske being executed
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45
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A
  • Aske = convicted of treason and hung
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46
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Rebels failed to take advantage of their numbers

- Failed to march South

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47
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Reasons for success (2)

A
  • Henry paid more attention to the north - he was very careful to avoid repetition
  • 24 articles of Pontefract
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48
Q

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536 - 1547)

Maintenance of political stability (2)

A
  • Rebellion remained entirely northern

- In the end rebel leaders as well as 50 Lincolnshire rebels and 130 northern rebels were executed

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49
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

Causes (3)

A
  • Religious = introduction of the new prayer book by Edward IV (bans on festivals and pilgrims); religious reforms (June 1549) - act of uniformity; gentry gained financially from the dissolution of the monasteries and chantries and they were implementing unpopular religious reforms
  • Absence of a powerful family in the area as well as a change of monarch (Edward to Mary) allowed ambitious men to promote themselves, therefore those who lost out were alienated and remained passive during the rebellion
  • the region had been constantly turbulent - 1537 = planned uprising, 1538 = Exeter conspiracy, 15337 = Carpy Ssack conspiracy (possible revival of the Pilgrimage of Grace). The region also resented William Body (a local archdeacon) who had a part in the destruction of religious images.
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50
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

People involved (2)

A
  • William Body (local archdeacon)

- Sir Peter Carew - protestant sympathiser - made situation worse after meeting with rebels

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51
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

Village / town (1)

A
  • Bodmin
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52
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

Nature features (3)

A
  • William Body arrived in Cornwall in 1548 to make sure all catholic images in churches and had been destroyed. he was then killed by a mob led by a local priest.
    on whit-Monday (one of the three baptism seasons), in Stampford Courtenay in Devon compelled their priests to revert tot he old service. Arundell then drew up a petition demanding the reinstatement of the old forms of worship.
    -Somerset was slow to respond. He promised to address the rebels grievances but after 7 weeks they hd still not dispersed so he sent in troops. During this time Arundell had set up camp on Bodmin hill with 2,000 troops where he then besieged Exeter for 6 weeks. Lord Russell then arrived with 8,000 German mercenaries who defeated the rebels killing 4,000 and Robert Welsh and Humphrey Arundell were executed.
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53
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

Outcome of a leader (2)

A
  • Weakened Somerset’s government and was a significant part in his fall from power (autumn 1549)
  • Robert Welsh = hanged on his own church spire dressed in Popish ornaments
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54
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Rebel leadership was poor and they moved slow allowing themselves to be bogged down in siege of Exeter
  • No clear aims- their demands included things that the government could not grant such as abandon the reformation. This caused the government to fight
55
Q

Western Rebellion (1549)

Maintenance of political stability (3)

A
  • Change of monarch allowed ambitious people to rise up
  • Rebellion wasn’t initially aggressive but the governments response made it aggressive
  • Weakened Somerset’s political position
56
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Causes (3)

A
  • Enclosures being a common issue
  • 1548 - riots in Hertfordshire caused Somerset to send 3 royal commissions to investigate illegal enclosures, this caused commons to start tearing down enclosures as they believed they had the backing of the government
  • After Robert Kett’s enclosures were torn down he transferred his loyalty to the rebels
57
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

People involved (2)

A
  • Robert Kett = gentry (even though on the fringes) who led the rebellion
  • Marquis of Northampton - first force sent to put down the rebellion which was a failure
58
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Village / town (1)

A

Norwich - rebels lay siege to Norwich (second largest city in the country) which was mainly a collapsing textile industry, this meant large unemployment and small farmers were also being affected by enclosures so the commons were empathetic to rebels

59
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Nature features (3)

A
  • Robert Kett transferred his loyalty to the rebels because of sympathy / angry he was on the fringes of the gentry. He set up camp on Mouse hill out side of Norwhich. At the time there was so many rebellions across the country that the government could not efficiently focus disrepute their forces which allowed for kett’s numbers to grow (16,000 rebels joined), 3 more camps were then set up outside of Norwich.
  • Rebels lay siege to Norwich, paralysed authorities and gentry, Marquis of Northampton was sent with mercenaries which was defeated by the rebels
  • Kett moved his forces to Dussindale which was less protected. A government force of 12,000 levies and 1,000 mercenaries defeated the rebels (300 killed including Kett and his brother)
60
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A
  • Robert Kett - killed in battle
61
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • London was loyal to the crown as they themselves were not affected by agrarian grievances
  • Kett made the rebellion into treason after attack Norwich, before then, the government had wanted to negotiate
62
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Maintenance of political stability (3)

A
  • News of the rebellion caused France to declare war on England
  • Sealed Somerset’s fat and impacted on foreign affairs - financially with Scotland
  • Helped Northumberland’s status and credibility, January 1550 he used this support to become ruler
63
Q

Northumberland + lady Jane grey Rebellion (1553)

Causes (3)

A
  • Northumberland tried to change the line of succession from Mary and Elizabeth to Lady Jane Grey
    Northumberland was concerned about losing Protestantism in the face of a Catholic Mary
  • Northumberland did not want to lose his position of power
64
Q

Northumberland + lady Jane grey Rebellion (1553)

People involved (2)

A
  • Lady Jane Grey

- Mary I

65
Q

Northumberland + lady Jane grey Rebellion (1553)

Village / town (1)

A
  • East Anglia - where Mary I fled to prepare a force against Northumberland
66
Q

Northumberland

Nature features (3)

A
  • Northumberland supervised the changing of succession (the device) supported by the Lords of the council, engagement to support kings will was signed by Northumberland and 102 people of the privy council. When Edward died the changed were never passed through Parliament
  • Mary I fled to East Anglia where she was the greatest land owner to gather support, Northumberland sent an un-armed force of 300 men to secure Mary
  • Northumberland then left the council with a force headed for Mary, this left the council open to influence. London commoners supported Mary, the council then proclaimed her queen and ordered the arrest of Northumberland. Nobles declared loyalty to Mary Northumberland surrendered and allowed himself to be arrested.
67
Q

Northumberland + lady Jane grey Rebellion (1553)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A
  • Northumberland = tried and beheaded for treason
68
Q

Northumberland + lady Jane grey Rebellion (1553)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • Northumberland lacked support - people were more willing to support the Tudor blood line than religion
  • Northumberland’s decision to leave London, left the council open from influence
69
Q

Northumberland + lady Jane grey Rebellion (1553)

Maintenance of political stability (2)

A
  • Northumberland = removed from power, threat of Lady Jane Grey to the throne is removed, tudor blood line = continued
  • Catholicism is brought back into England through the accession of Mary
70
Q

Wyatt Rebellion (1554)

Causes (3)

A
  • Objection to Mary I marrying Phillip I of Spain
  • Protestant fear of there being a Catholic monarch
  • foreign support on the side of the rebels as France did not want the marriage to go ahead
71
Q

Wyatt Rebellion (1554)

People involved (3)

A
  • Sir Thomas Wyatt - rebellion leader

- Sir Peter Carew + Sir James Croft (rebel leaders in the midlands and west country)

72
Q

Wyatt Rebellion (1554)

Village / town (1)

A
  • Ludgate - Wyatt planned to go to London via Ludgate, reason for the failure of the rebellion
73
Q

Shane O’Niel (1558-1569)

Causes (4)

A
  • resented losing the earldom of Tyrone to his brother who was illegitimate however his father preferred him, Shane murdered him
  • Elizabeth forgave him and recognised him as Captain of Tyrone and O’Niel head of the clan
  • Shane started to plot with Charles IX of France and MQS, claiming to be the true defender of the faith in Ireland
  • Shane took a large percentage of Ulster as the rebellion was too expensive for initial intervention
74
Q

Shane O’Niel (1558-1569)

Nature (3)

A
  • 1561 = Sussex is sent with the O’Donnells to put down the rebellion however largely ineffective against Shane’s Guerilla tactics + 1000 Redshaws (Scottish mercenaries)
  • 1563 = Elizabeth mounts 3 big expeditions which targets Shane’s farms and property which persuaded him to come to London and he received a full pardon and given the position Captain of Tyrone + Lord of Tyrconnel + O’Niel head of the clan - Shane steals 30,000 cattle from the O’Donnells as a sign of loyalty to the crown
  • 1565 = rebellion starts up again - Shane is overreaching himself - Sidney sent with 1000 men however Shane is killed by a rival clan (possibly paid by English)
75
Q

Shane O’Niel (1558-1569)

Maintenance of Political Stability (3)

A
  • Junior branches of the O’Niel clan were made to surrender their land and have them regranted according to the crown
  • Scots in Antrim = expelled
  • 3 Garrisons + 2 English colonies set up in Ards by Thomas Smith + Walter Deveraux - both failed as they forced natives to work on land for low wages + debt then the chance of owning their own land
76
Q

Shane O’Niel (1558-1569)

Impact (2)

A
  • Showed how little recourses the crown had as they relied on the Earls of Kildare and the O’Donnells to bring an end to Shane and initial intervention was slow because of a lack of recourses
  • Showed crown did not have a full grip on Ireland as the length of the rebellion proved their was still Gaelic nationalism in Ireland
77
Q

Northern Earls (1569)

Causes (5)

A
  • Earls of Westmorland + Northumberland wanted MGS daughter recognised as the successor to Elizabeth by marrying MGS to Duke of Norfolk and producing a child
  • Wanted increased power in the North + removal of Cecil
  • Earls resented new Bishop Pilkington too Protestant-minded
  • Act of Uniformity had not been pressed enough by Gov - many nobles and gentry with private Charles still practised mass in private - took protection from JP’s (many whom were Catholic) or paid the 5p fine a week for not attending
  • Some beloved religion was a cloak for political motives
78
Q

Northern Earls (1569)

Nature (3)

A
  • 2 initial problems - Duke of Norfolk backed down + Earl of Sussex backed down (only raised 400 badly equipped cavalry)
  • Northern Earls tore down Protestant symbols at Durham Cathedral + headed South with 1600 cavalry + 2400 infantry, however lack of determination + organisation caused the rebel’s to disperse
  • English forces (1569) = 12,000 (York) + 10,000 (Lord Warwick + Clinton)
  • 1570 = Lord Dacre with 3000 men did not disperse however 500 of his men were either killed or arrested at Carlisle
79
Q

Northern Earls (1569)

Reasons for the rebel’s dispersion (8)

A
  • It was winter
  • There were false rumours of a large Royal force
  • MQS was on house arrest + Elizabeth’s intelligence service prevented MGS being the focuses of the rebellion
  • Lack of achievable aims
  • Scotland not the South would join the rebellion
  • Northumberland raised an army of only 80 men and the rebellion marched South before anymore could be gathered
  • They did not have the funds to pay the rebel’s and therefore 600 deserted
  • underestimated how long it would take to march to Tutbury to free Mary
80
Q

Northern Earls (1569)

Impact / Maintenance of Political Stability (reforms -3) (Impact on Gov - 2)

A
  • Parish reforms: keep track of men aged 16-60 able for millitary service + increased quality and size of county muster
  • 1573 = improved training for the militia
  • Council of the North reforms: Earl of Huntington = new president + JP’s were to enforce penal laws against Catholics + JP’s involved in rebellion = removed (more dependable JP’s reduced the influence of Catholic families in the North)
  • absence of Political / Religious reforms in north after rebellion proved 1572 reforms = successful
  • Elizabeth rarely appointee lieutenants however she did in the rebellion and the war with Spain which shows how insecure she felt
81
Q

Northern Earls (1569)

Impact (3)

A
  • Westmorland = escapes + Northumberland = captured
  • 700 rebels executed - shoes Elizabeth did not feel secure
  • Northern Earls lands seized + regranted to gentry in the South
82
Q

Munster Rebellion (1569-1573)

Causes (4)

A
  • James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald resented English attempts to colonise Ireland
  • Elizabeth’s attempt to implement Protestant churches
  • treatment of Irish ppl following Shane’s rebellion, English were not allowed to kill Irish without a trial
  • JFF annoyed his cousin had been put in Tower of London following Butler clan feud
83
Q

Munster Rebellion (1569-1573)

People involved (2)

A
  • James Fitzmaruice Fitzgerald

* Sir Humphrey Gilbert

84
Q

Munster Rebellion (1569-1573)

Village / town (1)

A

• Cork + Kilkenny = where the Desmond’s besides English garrisons

85
Q

Munster Rebellion (1569-1573)

Nature (4)

A
  • Delay in the Dublin administration allowed the rebellion to go on for so long
  • Desmond’s attempted to eject En settelers from their lands + besieged Cork and Kilkenny
  • 1569-72 = 800 rebels executed + 20 castles captured + lands seized
  • rebellion is put down in under a year
86
Q

Munster Rebellion (1569-1573)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A

• JFF fled to Spain to gather support which lead to the Geraldine rebellion

87
Q

Munster Rebellion (1569-1573)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • JFF does to Spain

* Strong Government response - 800 rebels executed + 20 castles captured + lands seized

88
Q

Geraldine rebellion (1579-1583)

Causes (3)

A
  • continuation from Munster rebellion when JFF returned from Spain with support
  • used Bull of Excommunication against Elizabeth to rally Irish people to rebel against the English
  • JFF resented English settelers and Dublin administration in Ireland
  • supported by Pope, Munster, Connaught, Leinster, 600 Italian and Spanish troops
89
Q

Geraldine Rebellion (1569-1573)

People involved (2)

A
  • Lord Wilton - 1580’s he is sent with 6500 men against the Irish
  • Butlers = sided with the English against JFF
90
Q

Geraldine Rebellion (1569-1573)

Village / town (1)

A

• Smerwick = massacre of entire English garrison (hung all rebels + rounded up Spanish and Irish ringleaders)

91
Q

Geraldine Rebellion (1569-1573)

Nature (4)

A
  • JFF returns from Spain with support (600 - all killed) and declares a holy war in support of the papal Bull, he is then killed and taken over by Desmond
  • Butlers side with English and send 4,500 troops to aid the English
  • 1580 = Lord Wilton is sent with 6500 men to show English are still in charge, he massacres an Irish garrison at Smerwick hanging rebels and rounding up Spanish and Irish ringleaders
  • 1583 = Desmond is killed by a rival clan and his head was sent to Elizabeth for tower bridge
92
Q

Geraldine Rebellion (1569-1573)

Outcome of a leader (2)

A
  • Desmond = killer

* JFF = milled

93
Q

Geraldine Rebellion (1569-1573)

Reasons for failure (3)

A
  • Gov response - Lord Wilton is sent with 6500 men - 2000 rebels killed inc all Spanish force
  • failure to gain a significant foreign backing
  • clan disputes - Butlers aided the English
94
Q

Geraldine Rebellion (1569-1573)

Impact (1)

A

• cost £254,000

95
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Causes (4)

A
  • enclosures blames for shortages of grain
  • increased need for enclosures because of worst conditions for some decades (bad harvests + decreasing wages) + want to cultivate wasteland and marginal land
  • New enclosures in Oxfordshire and Hampton Gay + Poyle
  • Food prices increased by 36%
96
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

People involved (2)

A
  • Lord Norris (Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire)

* Bartolomew Steer (Carpenter + rebel leader)

97
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Village / town (1)

A

• Enslow Hill

98
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Nature (4)

A
  • 4 men (all commoners) gathered at enslow hill with the intention of seizing weapons from Lord Norris’s house and marching to London, however 50 years prior the Western rebellion had also met there so it was too predictable and someone leaked the plot to their Lord
  • the men threatened to kill 7 local landowners who had enclosed land - this maybe why they lacked support
  • prior to the rebellion the government had alters JP’s so they were on the look out for possible food riots so they were aware of the plot
  • rebels had no financial backing
99
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Outcome of all 4 leaders

A
  • all taken to London where they were tortured for more information as it was concerned that this may be the start of a bigger rising
  • 2 were hung drawn and quartered
  • 3 = unknown
100
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • poor organisation, someone leaked the plot to their Lord + predictable meeting point
  • rebels threatened violence which was not normal for a rebellion of its period and so it failed to gather support
101
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Impact (3)

A
  • Several local landowners were punished for illegal enclosures
  • Lord Lieutenant (Lord Norris) was ordered to make extensive arrests however he believed less than 20 people were involved
  • Gov was concerned the rising was part of a bigger conspiracy theory
102
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Maintenance of Political Stability (reforms) (2)

A
  • Bishops were to give sermons to advertise the good work the government was doing to tackle social unrest
  • Wealthy people were reminded they had a religious duty to organise charity collections
103
Q

Oxfordshire rebellion (1596)

Maintenance of Political Stability
Acts (2)

A
  • Act against the decaying of towns and villages of husbandry (care + breeding of crops and animals)
  • Act for the maintenance of husbandry and tillage (prep of land for growing crops)
104
Q

Essex 1601

Causes (3)

A
  • Essex felt threatened by Cecil, Essex could track his lineage back to 1066 so saw himself as a rep for the “old nobility”, he had lead the Irish forced against Tyrone to please Elizabeth but this was a failure
  • Essex’s bid got patronage following the death of Cecil was a failure and the Queen confined him to his home under house arrest as well as taking his chief source of income away - the sale of sweet wine
  • Essex hoped to raise the support of London against Cecil and the Queen’s councillors
  • Essex has little power against Cecil who he believed was using Government resources for his own profit
  • Essex believed people would rally behind him
105
Q

Essex 1601

People involved (2)

A

• Major + Sheriff of London

106
Q

Essex 1601

Village / town (1)

A

• Fenchurch = as far as Essex got before he retreated

107
Q

Essex 1601

Nature (4)

A
  • main objective = overthrow political regime in power and force Elizabeth to appoint him principle advisor
  • Essex put on a play (Richard II) which was a Shakespearean which he believed would not make his rebellion so horrific however this only advertises his rebellion
  • Essex got as far as Fenchurch before retreating
  • Rebellion lasted less than 12 hours and was supported with less than 300 people however had more noble support than any other rebellion (including president of the council of the north - Earl of Sussex) however Essex was unable to get the support of the Mayor and Sheeiff of London
108
Q

Essex 1601

Reasons for Failure (2)

A
  • Essex’s power base was in Wales which was too far away to gain substantial support
  • the play of Richard II only advertised his rebellion and failed to gain him support the government also had a strong intelligence service that was able to notify them of the plot
109
Q

Essex 1601

Outcome of a leader (1)

A

• Essex + 2 associates were executed

110
Q

Essex 1601

Impact (2)

A
  • punished: 36 rebels fined + more than 100 arrested + Essex and 2 associates executed + rest let off
  • proved how successful the Gov intelligence service was as they were able to become aware of the plot before it got out of hand and close the city gates
111
Q

Essex 1601

Maintenance of Political stability (2)

A
  • large threat to government as it could have been a direct threat to the monarch + gov took drastic measures for Essex’s arrest (threatened to put a cannon through his house if he did not surrender) + in London
  • 1st Rebellion to challenge government in over half a century
112
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Causes (3)

A
  • Dynastic - sought to overthrow Henry VII and reinstate the house of York
  • aided by Thomas and Humphrey Stafford
  • Francis Lovell = councillor to Richard III
113
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

People involved (4)

A
  • Francis Lovell
  • Thomas + Humphrey Stafford
  • John Conyers = Major in Yorkshire
114
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Village / town (2)

A
  • Middleham - where troops were bought from

* Culham Church - where rebel’s were tracked down too

115
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Nature (3)

A
  • rebels took sanctuary at Colchester and raised troops at Middleham
  • they could not get enough support from their retainers
  • tracked down to Cullham church where Henry sent his closest advisors to apprehend Lovell who was therefore forced to leave the country and escaped
116
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Reasons for failure (2)

A
  • little support - they had no alternative to a king and Lovell and the Staffords were only minor nobles
  • good government intelligence was able to track down the rebellion before it became a threat
117
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Outcome of a leader (1)

A

• Lovell = escaped

118
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Impact (2)

A
  • Lovell escaped
  • John Coyners (mayor in Yorkshire) had serious bonds imposed against him (£2,000) and other rebels he also had his stewardship of Middleham revoked
119
Q

Lovell rebellion (1468)

Maintenance of Political Stability (2)

A
  • very low threat level - Lovell + Staffords were only minor rebels
  • rebels were denied sanctuary and proved good Government intelligence
120
Q

Simnel (1486-1487)

Impact (2)

A
  • paraded the real Earl of Warwick in London + introduced him to ambassadors visiting the country to prove Simnel was an imposter
  • A Papal Bull excommunicating all rebel’s was printed which detected a lot of rebels from fighting
121
Q

Simnel (1486-1487)

Maintenance of Political Stability (2)

A
  • Star Chamber Act - set up to deal with nobles who distrusted the kings peace
  • Act of Livery and Maintenance - restricted the amount of servants a noble could have which could be used as a private army
122
Q

Yorkshire (1489)

Impact (3)

A
  • Surrey is splinted Lietenant of the Council of the North
  • Henry agreed not to collect the tax
  • distracted Henry from the war with France
123
Q

Cornish (1497)

Impact

A
  • more then 100 rebels killed Blackheath and no bodies were sent back to Cornwall for burial
  • Cornwall was made exempt from paying war tax however Henry did not cost Cornwall as there was still strong resentment against gov policies
  • rebellion in the south distracted Henry from war with Scotland as Daubeny was sent to the south to deal with the rebellion
  • encouraged Warbeck to use cornwall as base from which to start his rebellion
124
Q

Warbeck (1497)

Impact (4)

A
  • Decreased foreign relations - 3 year trade embargo placed on Burgundy to expel Warbeck; Kildare persuaded to renounce Warbeck; Charles VIII persuaded to expel Warbeck + supporters; James IV persuaded with the threat of war to expel Warbeck
  • distracted Henry from Cornwall rebellion
  • Warbeck fled when news of Daubeny’s approach became apparent
  • Warbeck captured and arrested and after attempted escape he is executed
125
Q

Amicable Grant (1525)

Impact (4)

A
  • 18 ringleaders taken to London for questioning + 525 charged with riots and unlawful assembly
  • ringleaders were freed and given 90 silver pieces each because either; Henry commanded Wolsey to do so / Wolsey claimed they were improvised
  • No one paid the tax + Henry was unable to carry out a French invasion campaign
  • Henry targeted the more wealthy in the future
126
Q

Silken Thomas (1534-1537)

Impact (4)

A
  • cost = £40,000
  • Parlinentary + Kildare lands seized + monastic and bishop lands which was part of increased religious changes in Ireland this lead to 1539 riots against the archbishop of Dublin which proved there was still a strong sense of Gaelic nationalism in Ireland however the rebellion fizzled out quickly
  • Irish administrators in Dublin were replace with English officials + English Garrisons set up + border defences increased as part of increased military presence in Ireland
  • as a result the imposition of martial law 70 English and Irish supporters were hung + 5 of Silken Thomas’s uncles were executed + 200 rebels were fined and their lands attained
127
Q

Western rebellion (1549)

Impact (4)

A
  • executions: 8 priests killed in Cornwall as a result of martial law + 4 ringleaders including Arundell were killed + Vicar of St Thomas was hung on his own church spire dressed in Catholic vestments and Popish ornaments + more than 100 rebels were hung in Devon + Somerset
  • did not stop the Protestant prayer book being written
  • 6 ringleaders pardoned
  • Thomas Cramer attempted to attack rebels in propaganda however this had little affect as not many people could read
128
Q

Kett Rebellion (1549)

Impact (4)

A
  • Cramner’s attempt to have sermons sinning rebels read out in parish churches had little affect
  • 3000 rebels killed by Royal army + 144 German and Swiss mercaneries
  • 49 prisoners hung at Dusindale + Ringleaders hung + Kett was sent to the London where he was tried, executed, tortured for information + sent to be hung on the city walls of Norwich
  • aided Duke of Somerset’s fall from power
129
Q

Wyatt (1554)

Nature

A
  • Support cane from; Kent, Leicestershire, Welsh marches, Devon - only Kent raised enough troops (2000) men and marched to London, Gov intelligence how found possible rebels in the counties and this deterred a lot of rebels from fighting (e.g. Carew fled to France on the news that he had been discovered)
  • Once never London Mary sent the Duke of Norwich to apprehend the rebel’s however he was 80 and unable to command enough respect and a lot of petiole desserts the royal army after the rebels shouted “we are all Englishmen”
  • Wyattt
130
Q

Wyatt (1554)

Reasons for failure (3)

A
  • Gov intelligence was able to scope out possible rebels in the supporting counties (Devon, Leicestershire, Kent, Welsh marches) this lead to the large majority of them deserting the rebellion (Leicestershire only managed to raise 140 men) and Wyatt was the only county with a substantial force
  • London supported Mary (show of Gov stability)
  • Wyatt refused to return home and negotiate terms therefore his rebellion was seen as treason and thus treated as such
131
Q

Wyatt (1554)

Outcome of a leader (2)

A
  • Wyatt = executed

* rebels = 71 executed

132
Q

Wyatt (1554)

Impact (3)

A
  • went some way in convincing Mary to make Philip of Spain consort to the crown instead of king + damaged English-Spanish relations as it was apparent there was a feeling of xenephobia in England
  • 600 rebels were pardoned + 480 rebels charged with waging war against the crown + more than 1000 rebels were indicted
  • Elizabeth was put under house arrest at Woodstock whisky the council decided whether she was involved or not + tortured Wyatt for information on whether Elizabeth was involved or not
133
Q

Wyatt (1554)

Maintenance of Political Stability

(2)

A
  • support from London showed gov stability
  • the amount of rebels pardoned (600) showed that Mary was more interested in winning public support rather than inflicting revenge on the rebels
134
Q

Simnel (1486-1487)

Maintenance of Political Stability (2)

A
  • Star Chamber Act = established to deal with nobles who disrupted the kings peace
  • Act of Maintenance and Livery = restricted the amount of servings that a noble could have that could possibly used as a private army

History (5 decks)

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