Big Rebellions Flashcards
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes (Gov policies)
- seizing attained lands from rebels
- Establishing Protestant churches over Catholic ones
- Compositions
Tyrone (1595-1603)
What is Composition?
Forcing people to host soldiers in their homes and give horses and provisions to English army as well as selling goods to the crown at lower prices
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes - Where were the Plantations that we’re causing problems?
Connaught and Munster
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes (Plantations)
New owners were:
• Raising rents
• Claiming land that they were not entitled to
• Bribing juries to obtain favourable verdicts
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes (Tyrone)
- Brought up in the house of Leicester after his capture and when he returned to Ireland he wished to obtain the title O’Niel and go against the English
- Initially O’Niel had defended English garrisons but by 1585 he hadn’t been rewarded sufficiently so therefore had enough
- His land brought in £80,000 a year, enough to fund a large army
- English refused to give O’Niel complete control of Ulster
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes (2 Ulster facts that affected causes)
- Lay outside of effective English rule
* 12 Counties - all of which O’Niel wanted control of but Elizabeth would not allow this
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes (Which European country aided the rebellion? And why was this a problem?)
• Spain - they were also fighting against the English in the Armada and Ireland acted as a strong hold for Spanish troops to attack England from
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Causes (Tyrone’s 2 objectives?)
- Expel English settlers and government
* Achieve independence
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Nature (initial attacks on English?)
- 1594 = Battle of the Ford of Biscuit = Irish forces raided English supply column
- 1595 = Tyrone is proclaimed a traitor by Elizabeth
- 1598 = Irish victory at Battle of the Yellow Ford (800 English troops are killed and 300 Irish Levies from English side deserted to Tyrone’s side)
- 1599 = 17,000 troops sent under Essex who proved a poor leader
- 1601 = Mountjoy defeats 3500 Spanish forces at Kinsale
- By 1603 more than 30,000 troops had been sent to Ireland
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Nature (Why was Essex’s leadership so poor?)
- He sent half of his troops to Garrisons and the rest to provinces which didn’t prove effective at all and didn’t force Tyrone to submit
- Essex’s leadership allowed Tyrone to exhaust English recourses when Essex’s funds ran low
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Nature (How did Spain influence the rebellion?)
- Spain sent money and troops and priests
* 1/3 of Tyrone’s troops had guns which is up from 1/8 during Shane’s rebellion
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Nature (Why was the rebellion allowed to grow?)
- War with Spain took priority
* Irish rebellions we’re far more expensive than English rebellions
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Nature (What political decisions provoked the rebellion even further?)
• Continuous change in Irish leaders (7 in 8 years)
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Nature (What tactic did the Irish use to fight and how did they use their environment to their advantage?)
- Guerrilla warfare
* Bogs and there were not maps of the countryside
Tyrone (1595-1603)
Outcomes / Impact (What happened to Tyrone?)
- Granted pardon and received everything he had had prior to rebellion
- Renounced O’Niel title and agreed to support English sheriffs and garrisons in Ulster
- 1607 = Tyrone + Earl of Tyrconnell fled to France
