Rebellions

Question 1

Motives for Northern rebellion (1569-70)

Answer 1

Religious: north was more conservative and disliked the Elizabethan settlement
Political: Catholic leaders resented their exclusion from their traditional aristocratic role in the north
Economic: the north was economically deprived, breeding resentments
Succession: Mary QoS offered hope for an alternative future.

Question 2

Who led the Northern Rebellion?

Answer 2

Headed by the leading northern nobility, particularly the earls of Northumberland and Westmorland. Around 4,000 participants. Northumberland was executed in 1572 and Westmorland exiled.

Question 3

Reasons for Wyatt rebellion (1553-4):

Answer 3

• Mary’s determination to marry Philip II of Spain
• strong anti Spanish sentiment and against pro Catholic change
• rebels hoped to unseat Mary in favour of Elizabeth or Lady Jane Grey, whose father was involved in the rebellion

Question 4

Extent of Wyatt rebellion:

Answer 4

• four simultaneous risings. Sir Thomas Wyatt raised a force of around 3000, which tried to march on London. Wyatt was forced to surrender within a month.
• resulted in the execution of Lady Jane Grey and the imprisonment of Elizabeth.

Question 5

Reasons for Western Rebellion (1549):

Answer 5

Religious grievances: the catalyst being the new book of common prayer
The sheep tax: seen as the imposition of an uncaring government in London hitting local farmers.

Question 6

Yorkshire rebellion (1489):

Answer 6

• sparked by resentment over taxation granted by Parliament in order to finance an army for the Brittany campaign
• earth of Northumberland was murdered by his tenants when his retainers deserted him.

Question 7

Cornish rebellion (1497):

Answer 7

• arose from resentment against taxation to fund campaign against Scotland.
• mob protested against the taxation, blaming the King and ministers such as Morton and Bray.

Question 8

Why Cornish rebellion was more of a serious threat than Yorkshire rebellion:

Answer 8

• large numbers were involved (15000 by some accounts)
• Perkin Warbeck attempted to exploit the rebellion
• a march on London reached Blackheath, raising questions as to the effectiveness of maintaining order in the countryside

Question 9

Lincolnshire rising and the pilgrimage of grace:

Answer 9

• largest single rebellion in Tudor history, with 40,000 people involved
• rebels were more hostile during the Pilgrimage of Grace, because of the strength of their grievances against their landlords

Question 10

Secular motives for the Lincolnshire/PoG:

Answer 10

• resentment of taxation
• tenant’s grievances
• the imposition of the Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire as a magnate
• courtly conspiracy taht wanted to restore Princess Mary as heir

Question 11

Religious motives for the Lincolnshire/PoG:

Answer 11

• loss of charitable/educational functions and the facilities which monasteries offered
• loss of parish churches
• fear that the north would be impoverished if monastic land was transferred to southerners
• Cromwell’s injunctions of 1536
• discouragement of celebration of locally important saints and of pilgrimage

Question 12

Western Rebellion (1549):

Answer 12

prompted by -
religious grievances: the catalyst being the New Book of Common Prayer
the sheep tax: seen as the imposition of an uncaring government in London hitting local farmers

Question 13

Kett’s rebellion (1549):

Answer 13

motivated by:
- hatred of local government official
- resentment of enclosure

Question 14

Extent of Kett’s rebellion:

Answer 14

• Somerset was pre-occupied with dealings with Scotland and France
• most risings died out quickly due to insufficient support or prompt action from the local nobility and gentry.
• Northumberland ended the wars