reasons for the fall in birth rate Flashcards
what kind of factors are responsible?
social, economic, legal and technological
how has changes in position of women reason for a fall?
- increased educational opportunites
- more women working
- changes in attitudes (family + women’s role)
- easier access to divorce
- access to abortion and contraception
what is meant by infant mortality rate?
number of infants who die before their first birthday bet 1,000 babies born alive per year
when has infant mortality fallen greatly?
last century
what was the IMR in 1900?
154
what was IMR by 2016?
4
why may IMR be a reason in fall in birth rate?
if infants survive, parents will have fewer of them
what are the reasons for a fall in IMR?
improved housing, sanitations, nutrition - mothers, hygiene, child healths and health services
when did medical factors start playing a huge part?
1950s - mass immunisation, antibiotics and improved midwifery and obsteritics
until late 19th cent what were children seen as?
economic asses bc they went to work
how are children an economic liability?
- laws banning child labour (mandatory education)
- changing norms (high standards of living)
because children are an economic liability what does this mean for parents?
can’t afford a big family
childhood being socially constructed and uniquely important has left In a shift from quantity to…?
quality
what is the dependancy ratio?
the relationship between the size of the working population and the size of the non-working (dependant) population
what does the working populations earnings and taxes support?
the dependant Population
