reasons for the fall in birth rate Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of factors are responsible?

A

social, economic, legal and technological

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2
Q

how has changes in position of women reason for a fall?

A
  • increased educational opportunites
  • more women working
  • changes in attitudes (family + women’s role)
  • easier access to divorce
  • access to abortion and contraception
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3
Q

what is meant by infant mortality rate?

A

number of infants who die before their first birthday bet 1,000 babies born alive per year

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4
Q

when has infant mortality fallen greatly?

A

last century

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5
Q

what was the IMR in 1900?

A

154

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6
Q

what was IMR by 2016?

A

4

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7
Q

why may IMR be a reason in fall in birth rate?

A

if infants survive, parents will have fewer of them

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8
Q

what are the reasons for a fall in IMR?

A

improved housing, sanitations, nutrition - mothers, hygiene, child healths and health services

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9
Q

when did medical factors start playing a huge part?

A

1950s - mass immunisation, antibiotics and improved midwifery and obsteritics

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10
Q

until late 19th cent what were children seen as?

A

economic asses bc they went to work

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11
Q

how are children an economic liability?

A
  • laws banning child labour (mandatory education)
  • changing norms (high standards of living)
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12
Q

because children are an economic liability what does this mean for parents?

A

can’t afford a big family

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13
Q

childhood being socially constructed and uniquely important has left In a shift from quantity to…?

A

quality

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14
Q

what is the dependancy ratio?

A

the relationship between the size of the working population and the size of the non-working (dependant) population

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15
Q

what does the working populations earnings and taxes support?

A

the dependant Population

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16
Q

what are a large part of the dependent population?

A

children

17
Q

what does fewer children mean for the dependancy ratio?

A

reduces the ‘burden of depedecy’ on the working population