couples

Question 1

what does the division of labour refer to?

Answer 1

the roles men and women play

Question 2

what functionalism domestic division of labour?

Answer 2

parsons

Question 3

what two things does parsons identify?

Answer 3

2 conjugal roles:
- instrumental role - male breadwinner
- expressive role - female nurturer/carer

Question 4

what does parsons argue about gender division of labour?

Answer 4

that it is functional for the family and its members and wider society

Question 5

what does parsons see the division as?

Answer 5

biologically based - so everyone benefits from the specialisation

Question 6

what is the march of Progress view of the domestic division of labour?

Answer 6

see conjugal roles becoming more equal in modern society

Question 7

MOP - Bott two types of conjugal roles

Answer 7

segregated conjugal roles and joint conjugal roles

Question 8

Bott - segregated conjugal roles

Answer 8

separate - sharp division of labour between male breadwinner and female homemake
husband and wife spend their leisure separately

Question 9

who found segregated conjugal roles w/c extended families in Bethnal Green in 1950s

Answer 9

Young and Willmott

Question 10

who suggests the symetrical family?

Answer 10

young and willmott

Question 11

what is the symmetrical family?

Question 12

reasons for the rise of symmetrical family?

Answer 12

major social changes during the 20th century e.g. higher living standards, labour-saving devices, better housing, women working, smaller families

Question 13

what do feminist reject?

Answer 13

the march of progress view

Question 14

Oakley - feminism

Answer 14

no evidence of symmetrical family - young and willmott exaggerate men’s role, although husband’s help - this includes ironing their shirt once a week

Question 15

Boulton (1983) - feminism

Answer 15

we need to look at who is responsible for ask not just Who performs them - wife I seen as responsible for children’s welfare - even when men help

Question 16

how many husband took a major part in childcare?

Answer 16

1/5

Question 17

what is the march of progress view

Answer 17

most women today are in paid work - this is leading to a more equal division of domestic labour

Question 18

sullivan (2000) MOP

Answer 18

found women now do less domestic work, men do more traditional women’s tasks, and more couples have an equal division of labour

Question 19

dual burden

Answer 19

paid work and domestic work

Question 20

what does British Social Attitudes (2013) show of women’s work?

Answer 20

women do twice as much and couples still divide household tasks along traditional gender lines - little change since 1990s

Question 21

Dex and Ward (2007) - childcare

Answer 21

only 1% of fathers took main responsibility for caring for a sick child

Question 22

what did Braun et al (2011) found abt most fathers?

Answer 22

are ‘background fathers’ - held a provider ideology; their role was breadwinner not primary carer

Question 23

in late modernity what has happened to families’ qualaties time?

Answer 23

24/7 society and flexible working mean people’s time is more fragmented and de-routinised - working mothers juggling competing demands

Question 24

Duncombe and Marsden (1995) The triple Shift

Answer 24

women were required not only. to carry a dual burden but emotional work, domestic labour and paid work

Question 25

cultural or ideological explanation for gender division in labour

Answer 25

patriarchal cultural norms shape gender roles. Women perform more domestic labour because the is what society expects and has socialised them to do

Question 26

evidence on attitudes, values and expectations and socialisation will create equality

Answer 26

Gershuny, Kan and British social attitudes

Question 27

Gershuny (1994)

Answer 27

argues that couples adapting to women working full time, establishing a new norm if men doing more domestic work

Question 28

Kan (2001)

Answer 28

found younger men do more domestic work

Question 29

British Social attitudes (2013) - attitudes

Answer 29

found a long term change in attitudes

Question 30

material or economic explanation for gender division of labour

Answer 30

Women earn less than men, so it is economically rational for them to do more domestic Labour while men spend more time earning money

Question 31

evidence on material and economic explanation

Answer 31

if women earn as much as their partners we should see couples doing more equal amounts of domestic work

Question 32

sociologist evidence of material and economic division of labour

Answer 32

Arber and Ginn, Ramos

Question 33

Arber and Ginn

Answer 33

found that better-paid women could buy in products and services e.g. childcare, rather than carrying out domestic tasks themselves.

Question 34

Ramos

Answer 34

found that where the woman is the full time breadwinner and the man is unemployed, they do equal amounts of domestic labour

Question 35

what do radical feminists argue about heterosexual relationships?

Answer 35

they are inevitably patriarchal and unequal - even when women are in paid work

Question 36

Dunne - same-sex relationships

Answer 36

study of 37 lesbian couples with children - more equal division of labour

Question 37

Dunne. - Gender scripts

Answer 37

heterosexuals - socialised into gender scripts that set out different masculine and feminine roles and gender identities
Lesbians - did not look household tasks to gender scripts, so they were more open to negotiation and thus more equal

Question 38

Kempson (1994) - recourses and decision making

Answer 38

found that women in low-income families denied their own needs to make ends meet
- even in households with adequate incomes, recourses are often shared unequally, leaving women in poverty

Question 39

Pahl and Vogler (1993) - two types of control over family income

Answer 39

• allowance system - men work and give non-working wives an allowance to family budget
• Pooling - partners work and have joint responsibility for spending e.g. bank account

Question 40

Edgel (1980) - decision making among professional couples

Answer 40

• still found inequalities
• very important choices were taken by husband alone or alone or with him having final say
• important taken joint
• less important taken by the wife

Question 41

two explanations for inequalities in decision making

Answer 41

Material - men have more power in choice making bc they earn more. Women are economically dependent, so less say
Cultural - Feminists argue that gender role socialisation in patriarchal society instils the idea that men are decision-makers

Question 42

what do the personal life persepctive focus on?

Answer 42

meanings couples give to who controls the money - the meanings that money may have in relationships cannot be taken for granted

Question 43

Nyman (PLP)

Answer 43

argues that different couples give money different meanings - reflect the nature of the relationship

Question 44

Smart (PLP)

Answer 44

found that same-sex couples did not see the control o money as either equality or inequality - may be bc they do. not enter relationships with the same ‘heterosexual baggage of cultural meanings’ that see money as a source of power