Reasons for Association 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Association
A
Link between two variables (exposure and outcome)
2
Q
Causation
A
Relationship between cause and effect
3
Q
Bradford-Hill’s criteria for assessing causation
A
Strength of association Consistency Specificity Temporality Biological gradient Biological plausibility Coherence Experiment Analogy
4
Q
Strength of association
A
High association between risk and outcome, more likely to be causal
5
Q
Consistency
A
Same in different populations, study designs, times etc
6
Q
Specificity
A
One to one relationship (uncommon in reality)
7
Q
Temporality
A
Exposure must precede outcome
8
Q
Biological gradient
A
Change in intensity of exposure = change in risk of outcome
9
Q
Biological plausibility
A
Potential bio mechanism to explain
10
Q
Coherence
A
Relationship found agrees with current knowledge
11
Q
Experiment
A
Removal of exposure alters frequency of outcome
12
Q
Analogy
A
Relationship is in line with other established cause-effect relationships
