Reasoning

Question 1

Define deductive reasoning.

Answer 1

acceptance of premises/ principles allows us to generate specific conclusion that are definitely valid provided that The other statements are assumed to be true.

Question 2

Define inductive reasoning.

Answer 2

Experimentation is carried out to make observations which lead to a conclusion.

Question 3

Define a syllogism.

Answer 3

A kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

Question 4

What is the Belief bias effect?

Answer 4

The results that happen when an individual’s own values, beliefs, prior knowledge, etc. affects, or distorts, the reasoning process through the acceptance of invalid arguments or data.

Question 5

What are the 4 Theories of Reasoning?

Answer 5

• Abstract rules
  
  • Mental models
  • Probabilistic approach
  • Dual-system theories

Question 6

What does the mental models theory of reasoning suggest?

Answer 6

Mental Models theory suggests that people construct mental simulations of possibilities and base their inferences on these simulations.

Question 7

What does Abstract Rules theory of Reasoning suggest?

Answer 7

Abstract Rules theory suggests that people have rules of logic, and that they try to apply these, with varying degrees of success.

Question 8

What does the Probabilistic Approach to Reasoning suggest?

Answer 8

Probabilistic approaches suggest that people do not reason deductively at all on deductive reasoning problems, but rather that they reason probabilistically.

Question 9

What does the Dual Systems Theory of reasoning suggest?

Answer 9

Dual Systems theories suggest that people rely on two different systems for thinking and reasoning.

Question 10

What is Modus Ponens?

Answer 10

Affirming the antecedent.
If P (antecedent), Then Q (consequent)