Analogical Problem Solving & Expertise

Question 1

What are the 5 Characteristics of experts?

Answer 1

• Faster fixation on test relevant information
• Works forwards through a problem
• Group problems according to the underlying structure and principal
• Have better memory for knowledge specific knowledge
• Have better evaluative knowledge

Question 2

What is Mapping?

Answer 2

The solution of the base (previously experienced) problem must be translated into the solution to the target (current problem).

Question 3

3 ways to ‘learn’ to be an expert.

Answer 3

1. Practice
2. Chunking
3. Knowledge compilation

Question 4

3 stages in skill acquisition

Answer 4

1. Cognitive Stage
2. Associative Stage
3. Autonomous Stage

Question 5

What is the Cognitive Stage of skill acquisition?

Answer 5

Knowledge is declarative, i.e., simply a set of learnt facts

Question 6

What is the Associative Stage of skill acquisition?

Answer 6

○ Recognition and elimination of errors
○ Development of procedural knowledge.
○ Aspects of the task become linked to each other and to specific situations

Question 7

What is the Autonomous Stage of skill acquisition?

Answer 7

○ Procedures become automatic, and so require less attention.
○ Procedures become faster and more accurate

Question 8

What is proceduralisation of memory

Answer 8

Knowledge changes from declarative to procedural through ‘proceduralisation’.

○ Declarative knowledge can be reported and is non-specific.
○ Procedural knowledge is applied automatically, is specific and non-reportable.