REASING ASS 2

Question 1

Plant-derived hepatotoxins largely cause specific clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic changes indicative of hepatic or biliary insult T.F

Answer 1

false nonspecific

Question 2

are likely the most important plant-derived toxins worldwide.

Answer 2

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Question 3

Toxins are bioactivated by

Answer 3

hepatocytes

Question 4

seen grossly as a shrunken and firm liver with nodules of hyperplasia admixed with fibrosis.

Answer 4

chronic liver failure

Question 5

Hematologic changes include regenerative anemia.

Answer 5

nonregenrative

Question 6

is found in the central United States and most commonly poisons cattle.

Answer 6

Senecio riddellii is

Question 7

has been proven carcinogenic to rodents and is classified as a potential human carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program.

Answer 7

riddelliine

Question 8

This
plant has been reported to cause the clinical syndromes “walking disease” in horses and
“hard liver disease” in cattle.

Answer 8

Amsinckia intermedia (tarweed or fiddleneck)

Question 9

Young animals are more susceptible than

adults.

Answer 9

ttrue

Question 10

Many PA-containing plants
are most toxic in the

– stage;

Answer 10

bud

Question 11

Megalocytosis may also be observed in hepatocytes after chronic exposure.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

is characterized by hepatic dysfunction and photosensitization, and is only re-
ported in horses.

Answer 12

alsike clover syndrome

Question 13

The proposed mechanism of toxicity is inhibition of mitochondrial function and alteration of fatty acid metabolism.

Answer 13

cocklebur or xanthium toxicity

Question 14

burs with numerous barbs that aid in seed
dispersal and make the plant unpalatable.

Answer 14

cocklebur xanthium strumarium

Question 15

The proposed mechanism of
action is the formation of free saponins in the gastrointestinal tract, that are then
reduced and epimerized to epismilagenin and episarsasapogenin and absorbed into

portal circulation.1

Answer 15

xanthium toxicity

Question 16

chronic exposure causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses known as moldy corn poisoning

Answer 16

fumonisins

Question 17

Lupin toxicosis can occur if lupin stubble becomes infected with the
saprophytic fungus,

Answer 17

diaphthora toxica

Question 18

emerging hepatotoxic plant when included in hay can
fatally poison cattle and possibly other species.

Answer 18

salvia reflexa

Question 19

toxins that cause intrahepatic cholestasis
in addition to hepatocellular damage.

Answer 19

lantana

Question 20

ornamental shrubs that can act as
invasive noxious weeds, replacing nutritious forage.

Answer 20

lantana

Question 21

Acutely poisoned animals may develop constipation and inappetence as quickly as 2 hours after ingestion. This is followed by photosensitization, dull mentation, and icterus 24 to 48 hours after ingestion.

Answer 21

Lantana camara and other Lantana species

Question 22

Poisoning results in diarrhea, inappetence, followed by icterus and photosensitization (facial eczema; see Fig. 5).

Answer 22

pithomyces chatarum

Question 23

Acute bovine liver dis-
ease is an emerging disease associated with the ingestion

Answer 23

cynosaurus echinatus

Question 24

__is a nonspecific sign of liver failure with subsequent accumulation of phylloerythrin and increased susceptibility to irradiation-
induced dermatitis.

Answer 24

Photosensitization

Question 25

Similar dermatitis is seen in sporidesmin-induced liver failure

Answer 25

facial eczema