REASING ASS 2 Flashcards
Plant-derived hepatotoxins largely cause specific clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic changes indicative of hepatic or biliary insult T.F
false nonspecific
are likely the most important plant-derived toxins worldwide.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Toxins are bioactivated by
hepatocytes
seen grossly as a shrunken and firm liver with nodules of hyperplasia admixed with fibrosis.
chronic liver failure
Hematologic changes include regenerative anemia.
nonregenrative
is found in the central United States and most commonly poisons cattle.
Senecio riddellii is
has been proven carcinogenic to rodents and is classified as a potential human carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program.
riddelliine
This
plant has been reported to cause the clinical syndromes “walking disease” in horses and
“hard liver disease” in cattle.
Amsinckia intermedia (tarweed or fiddleneck)
Young animals are more susceptible than
adults.
ttrue
Many PA-containing plants
are most toxic in the
– stage;
bud
Megalocytosis may also be observed in hepatocytes after chronic exposure.
true
is characterized by hepatic dysfunction and photosensitization, and is only re-
ported in horses.
alsike clover syndrome
The proposed mechanism of toxicity is inhibition of mitochondrial function and alteration of fatty acid metabolism.
cocklebur or xanthium toxicity
burs with numerous barbs that aid in seed
dispersal and make the plant unpalatable.
cocklebur xanthium strumarium
The proposed mechanism of
action is the formation of free saponins in the gastrointestinal tract, that are then
reduced and epimerized to epismilagenin and episarsasapogenin and absorbed into
portal circulation.1
xanthium toxicity
chronic exposure causes leukoencephalomalacia in horses known as moldy corn poisoning
fumonisins
Lupin toxicosis can occur if lupin stubble becomes infected with the
saprophytic fungus,
diaphthora toxica
emerging hepatotoxic plant when included in hay can
fatally poison cattle and possibly other species.
salvia reflexa
toxins that cause intrahepatic cholestasis
in addition to hepatocellular damage.
lantana
ornamental shrubs that can act as
invasive noxious weeds, replacing nutritious forage.
lantana
Acutely poisoned animals may develop constipation and inappetence as quickly as 2 hours after ingestion. This is followed by photosensitization, dull mentation, and icterus 24 to 48 hours after ingestion.
Lantana camara and other Lantana species
Poisoning results in diarrhea, inappetence, followed by icterus and photosensitization (facial eczema; see Fig. 5).
pithomyces chatarum
Acute bovine liver dis-
ease is an emerging disease associated with the ingestion
cynosaurus echinatus
__is a nonspecific sign of liver failure with subsequent accumulation of phylloerythrin and increased susceptibility to irradiation-
induced dermatitis.
Photosensitization
Similar dermatitis is seen in sporidesmin-induced liver failure
facial eczema
