realistic conflict theory Flashcards
what is realistic conflict theory?
an explanation of prejudice which sees competition for limited resources as a key determinant of intergroup relations
what does Sherif say creates prejudice?
Sherif suggests that COMPETITION is the key to prejudice
real - resources
mental - power
- he suggested that when two or more groups are striving for the same goal, prejudice will be formed
when does negative interdependence occur?
it occurs in situations where two groups of people are both seeking to achieve a goal that is important for both of them, yet only one group can reach that goal
what does the negative aspect of negative interdependence refer to?
it relates to the fact that each group will act to obstruct the other group’s achievements
what does the interdependence refer to?
it relates to the fact that one group’s win is contingent upon the other group’s loss.
what will happen to intergroup relations in situations of negative interdependence?
intergroup relations will deteriorate
- interactions with members of the opposing group will become hostile
- interactions with one’s own group will become increasingly cooperative and an increase in solidarity
how does Sherif argue to reduce prejudice?
Sherif argues that prejudice that has arisen through intergroup conflict can be reduced through groups working cooperatively.
- the two groups must be interdependent (positive interdependence)
how can positive interdependence occur between groups?
Sherif used the term SUPERORDINATE GOALS to describe goals which can only be achieved through intergroup cooperation.
- these will increase favourable perceptions of the opposing group
what is a strength of REALISTIC CONFLICT THEORY?
it is supported by Sherif’s ROBBER’S CAVE EXPERIMENT
- in this, intergroup competition was created through sporting tournaments where there was negative interdependence.
it led to violence and increased prejudice
what is the competing argument against the strength of RCT?
although the robbers cave experiment was a field experiment and had good ecological validity due to the naturalistic setting, the original paper says that the boys needed serious provocation to trigger outward prejudice.
- this suggests that competition does not lead to hostility
what is a weakness of RCT?
externally imposed competition between groups is not necessary to create prejudice.
- Tajfel’s minimal group experiment showed that prejudice can arise from the simple act of perceiving someone as NOT LIKE ME
this study shows that boys will treat others differently on the basis of group membership
how can you apply RCT?
the theory can be applied to reduce prejudice and discrimination in society.
- it proposes that intergroup relations can be enhanced through the introduction of superordinate goals
