real science test number 2 (the other one is test 1)

Question 0

What does the liver do?

Answer 0

It makes BILE which EMULSIFIES lipids

Question 1

What are the three helper organs?

Answer 1

Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder

Question 2

What does the Gall Bladder do?

Answer 2

It stores bile: squirts it on the CHYME when it leaves the stomach

Question 3

What does the bile duct do?

Answer 3

Connects the gall bladder into the top part of the small intestine

Question 4

Gall Stones

Answer 4

Concentrated crystalized bile form stones which could block the bile duct

Question 5

How are Gall stones removed?

Answer 5

By surgery or ultra sound treatment (ultra sound that shatters gall stones)

Question 6

WWWhat should you do if you have gall stones?

Answer 6

reduce fats and oils in the diet

Question 7

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 7

makes pancreatic juice (97% water and 1% trypsin, 1% lipase, 1% amylase

Question 8

What is Trypsin?

Answer 8

• In the pancreas trypsin continues digestion of proteins

- In the first 1/3 of the small intestine it completes the digestion of proteins

Question 9

What is Lipase?

Answer 9

• In the pancreas lipase starts digestion of lipids

- In the first 1/3 of the small intestine completes digestion of lipids

Question 10

What is Amylase?

Answer 10

• In the pancreas amylase continues digestion of carbs

- In the first 1/3 of the small intestine it completes digestion of carbohydrates

Question 11

Small Intestine

Answer 11

• 15 to 18 inches in adults
• made of involuntary muscle
• completes digestion
• absorbs nutrients into bloodstream

Question 12

First 1/3 of the small intestine

Answer 12

Contains intestinal glands which secrete intestinal juice (made up of 97% water, 1% trypsin, 1% lipase, 1% Amylase

Question 13

Where is the appendix?

Answer 13

Located between the end of the small intestine and beginning of the large intestine

Question 14

What does the appendix do?

Answer 14

It blocks some bacteria from entering the small intestine

Question 15

What happens if the appendix in infected?

Answer 15

Appendicitis (then you might have to get it removed)

Question 16

What are the 3 nutrients in the small intestine?

Answer 16

protein, lipid, carbohydrates

Question 17

What form are the nutrients in when they are in the small intestine?

Answer 17

usable form (molecular in size)

Question 18

Proteins (enzymes, final breakdown product, how used in body)

Answer 18

Enzymes: pepsin, rennin, trypsin
Final breakdown product: amino acids
How used in body: cell growth and repair, hormones, enzymes (ribosomes)

Question 19

Lipids (enzymes, final breakdown product, how used in body)

Answer 19

Enzymes: lipase
Final breakdown product: fatty acids and glycerol
How used in body: stored energy supplies (vacuoles of adipose tissue)

Question 20

Carbohydrates (enzymes, final breakdown product, how used in body)

Answer 20

Enzymes: ptyalin, amylase
Final breakdown product: simplest sugar or glucose (C6H12O6)
How used in body: used for energy (mitochondria)

Question 21

Last 2/3 of small intestine

Answer 21

Lined with villi to absorb nutrients

Question 22

structures in villi

Answer 22

look in notes

Question 23

Lacteal

Answer 23

The black part that absorbs fatty acids and glycerol

Question 24

Capalaries

Answer 24

The red part that absorbs glucose and amino acids

Question 25

Role of osmosis in villi

Answer 25

The glucose, amino acids, fatty acids are small enough to go through the cell membrane

Question 26

What do the villi do?

Answer 26

They increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 27

Large intestine

Answer 27

• 8 to nine inches long

- Colon and large bowel

Question 28

Function of large intestine

Answer 28

Absorbs vitamins, minerals and water from chyme, processes fiber with the help of good bacteria

Question 29

What is fiber and what does itdo?

Answer 29

keeps chyme moving through the digestive system. This comes from the fruits, vegetables and grains that we eat (they are all plant food sources and all have plant cell walls which are ,made out of cellulose/fiber)

Question 30

Why is fiber important?

Answer 30

It is necessary for good movement of chyme in intestines

Question 31

What are the diseases in the large intestine?

Answer 31

diarrhea, constipation, colon cancer

Question 32

What is constipation?

Answer 32

when you do not have enough fiber or water which causes the solid waste to be to dry. It tends to be difficult to pass out of the body.

Question 33

How can you get diarrhea ?

Answer 33

from a reaction to a chemical like MSG or antibiotics; food poisoning or some deseases like ebola, malaria, yellow fever ; too much dried fruit

Question 34

How do you get Colon cancer?

Answer 34

It develops when you are older and you have a test to check if you have it. Can be from eating too many nitrites (in deli meats like corn beef, hot dogs.Or deli fish like smoked tuna,sable to prolong the product life)

Question 35

How can you detect colon cancer?

Answer 35

colonoscopy

Question 36

What does the rectum do?

Answer 36

Stores solid waste until it is eliminated from the body through the anus (sphincter)

Question 37

What is solid waste made up of?

Answer 37

Fiber, bacteria, bile and a little water. It is called stool, feces, or solid waste