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Clinical Chemistry > Reagents and Solutions > Flashcards

Reagents and Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

Process of water purification that meets specification for type I water

A

Deionization

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2
Q

Measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity

A

Primary Standard

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3
Q

Type I reagent water is used for preparation of:

A 
Standard solutions
Buffers
Controls
Quantitative analytical procedures
Electrophoresis 
Toxicology screening test
HPLC
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5
Q

Solution property that is labile

A

Saturation

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6
Q

Type II reagent water is used for

A 
Qualitative chemistry procedures
Hematology
Immunology
Microbiology
General laboratory test
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7
Q

Relationship of resistance and purity

A

Inverse

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9
Q

Deionization does not remove

A

Organic substances

Substances that do not ionize

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10
Q

Reverse osmosis does not remove

A

Gases

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11
Q

Blood plasma without clotting factors

A

Serum

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12
Q

Process of water purification that meets specifications for types II and III water

A

Distillation

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14
Q

Deionization removes

A

Ions

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15
Q

Reverse osmosis removes

A

90% of dissolved solids
98% of organic impurities
Insoluble matter
Microbiological organisms

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16
Q

Other process of water purification

A 
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration
Ultraviolet oxidation
Sterilization
Ozone
Adsorption by activated charcoal, clay, silicate or metal oxide
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18
Q

Any substance employed to produce a chemical reaction

A

Reagent

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19
Q

Chemical grade used in the preparation of reagents

A

Analytical Reagent Grade

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20
Q

Chemical grade that focuses on effect on humans

A

US Pharamacopeia and National Formulary

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24
Q

Concentration expression not influenced by temperature or pressure

A

Molality

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25
Q

Greater concentration of undissolved solute particles

A

Supersaturated solution

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26
Q

Chemical grade used to manufacture drugs

A

US Pharmacopeia and National Formulary

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28
Q

Number of atoms/elements that can combine for a particular compound

A

Valence

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31
Q

Measure of how well electricity passes through a solution

A

Conductivity

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33
Q

Most pure reagent water

A

Type I Reagent Water

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35
Q

Type of reagent water that cannot be stored

A

Type I

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36
Q

Other term for solute

A

Analyte

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37
Q

Component of blood that contains fibrinogen

A

Plasma

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38
Q

Distillation removes: _____ and _____

A

Minerals (Fe, Mg, Ca)

Microbiological organisms

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39
Q

Expression of hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

40
Q

Temperature at which flasks are calibrated

A

20 C

42
Q

Reagent grade that does not state impurities

A

Chemically Pure Grade

43
Q

Number of moles per liter of solution

A

Molarity

44
Q

Other term for solvent

A

Biologic fluid

45
Q

Relative amounts of substances in a solution

A

Concentration

46
Q

Used in preparing dilutions made from concentrated acids

A

Specific gravity

47
Q

Minimize changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

A

Buffers

48
Q

Correct concentration is ensured by ____ and _____.

A

Quantitative transfer

Accurate measurement

49
Q

Process of water purification that passes water under pressure through a semipermeable membrane

A

Reverse osmosis

50
Q

Oxidizing agents _____ electrons

A

Accept

51
Q

Molality is

A

the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent

52
Q

Labels of reagent containers include: ____, _____, and _____.

A

Name and concentration of the reagent
Date the reagent was prepared
Initials of the person who prepared the reagent

53
Q

When is normality used?

A

Chemical titrations

Chemical reagent classification

54
Q

Other term for technical grade

A

Commercial grade

55
Q

Expresses concentration when a liquid chemical is diluted with another liquid

A

Volume per Unit Volume

57
Q

Weight dependent

A

Osmolality

59
Q

Pressure at which the liquid solvent is in equilibrium with water vapor

A

Vapor pressure

60
Q

Freezing point is

A

the temperature at which vapor pressures of the liquid and solid phases are the same

61
Q

Buffers are

A

Weak acids or bases and their related salts

62
Q

Effect of agitation by a stirring rod or swirling

A

Removes saturated solution from contact with chemical

63
Q

Amount of matter per unit volume of a substance

A

Density

64
Q

Hastens the dissolution of solid materials

A

Rapid addition of solvent

65
Q

Measure of the resistance of a substance to the passage of electric current

A

Resistivity

66
Q

Boiling point is

A

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solvent reaches 1 atmosphere

67
Q

Donate electrons

A

Reducing agents

69
Q

Increases solubility of chemicals

A

Heating

70
Q

Reagent water stored in borosilicate glass or polyethylene bottles

A

Type II or III reagent water

71
Q

Uses of Chemically Pure Grade Reagents

A 
Chromatography
Atomic absorption
Immunoassay
Molecular diagnostics
Standardization
72
Q

Type III reagent water is used for

A

General urinalysis
Water source for preparation of types I and II
Washing and rinsing of laboratory glassware

73
Q

Used when a solid chemical is diluted in liquid

A

Weight per Unit Volume

75
Q

Categories of Reagent Grade Water

A 
Clinical laboratory reagent water
Special reagent water
Instrument feed water
Water supplied by method manufacturer
Autoclave and wash water
Commercially bottled purified water
79
Q

Tests for water quality

A 
Microbial monitoring
Resistivity
pH
Pyrogens
Silica
Organic contaminants
86
Q

Uses of laboratory reagent water

A

Reagent and solution preparation
Reconstitution of lyophilized materials
Dilution of samples

90
Q

Product of deionization, filtration, and adsorption

A

Type I water

93
Q

Standard Reference Materials are used to ____ and _____.

A

Verify calibration

Assess accuracy/bias

94
Q

Chemical grade used for industrial purposes

A

Technical Grade

100
Q

Distillation does not remove

A

Volatile impurities (carbon dioxide, chlorine, ammonia)

118
Q

Terms for water of highest purity

A

Nitrogen-free water
Double distilled water
Conductivity water

Clinical Chemistry (6 decks)

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