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Clinical Chemistry > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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0
Q

Recommended cholesterol level in adults

A

<200 mg/dl

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1
Q

Waste products: ______ and ______

A

creatinine

Blood Urea Nitrogen

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2
Q

Clinical Chemistry provides information regarding _______ and _____ of a tissue, organ, or organ system.

A 
function
integrity
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3
Q

Tubes without anticoagulant

A

Serum Separator Tubes

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4
Q

Substances with biological functions: _______ and _________

A

glucose

calcium

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5
Q

Forms an interface between the clot and the serum

A

Gel substance

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6
Q

Clinical Chemistry is the analysis of:

A 
individual constituents
proteins
enzymes
nutrients
waste products
metabolites
hormones
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7
Q

Present in all tissues

A

Cholesterol

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8
Q

Range of values for a particular test from healthy individuals

A

Normal or Reference Values

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9
Q

Essential components of cells and body fluids

A

Proteins

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10
Q

Increased or decreased after eating: ____ and ____

A

Glucose

Triglycerides

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11
Q 
Hypercalcemia (A) or Hypocalcemia (B):
Kidney disease
Parathyroidism
Acidosis
Bone malignancies
Hormone disorders
Hypoparathyroidism
A 
B
A
A
A
A
B
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12
Q

Lytes influence:

A 
Hydration
Acid-base balance
Osmotic pressure
pH
Heart and muscle contraction
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13
Q

Most common specimen for chemical analysis

A

Serum

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14
Q

Relationship of serum creatinine and kidney function

A

Inverse

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15
Q

Influence calcium

A

Vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone
Estrogen
Calcitonin

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16
Q

Indicators of cell damage and disease: ______ and _______

A

liver enzymes

cardiac enzymes

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16
Q

Transport substances in and out of the cells

A

Electrolytes

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18
Q

Hypocalcemia: ______

A

Tetany

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19
Q 
Liver Enzyme...
Used to monitor patients recovering from hepatitis and cirrhosis
Increased in liver tumors
Increased in liver disease
Following heart attacks
Increased in heart attacks
A 
GGT
ALP
AST, LD
LD
AST
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20
Q

Protein tests provide information about:

A

State of hydration
Nutrition
Liver function

21
Q

T or F. AP is greatly increased in hepatitis.

A

F: It is moderately increased in hepatitis and greatly. Increased in liver tumors and lesions.

23
Q

T or F. Hemolytic anemia increases iron levels.

A

True

24
Q

Influence phosphorus: _____ and _____

A

Calcium

Certain hormones

24
Q

Best test for overall kidney function

A

Serum creatinine

25
Q

ALT

A

Alanine Aminotransferase

26
Q

Functions of calcium: ____ and ____

A

Coagulation

Muscle contraction

27
Q

Three Kidney Function Tests

A

Serum Creatinine
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Uric Acid

28
Q

Surplus amino acids –> Urea

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

30
Q

AST

A

Asparate Aminotransferase

31
Q

99% is in skeleton

A

Calcium

32
Q

______: 20% in ______

A

Phosphorus

Energy compounds

34
Q

Why is BUN not the best test for kidney function?

A

Because BUN is influenced by diet and hormones.

35
Q

100x increase SGPT

A

Viral or toxic hepatitis

36
Q

Increased uric acid is seen in: ____ and _____

A

Kidney disease

Radiation

38
Q

ALP

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

39
Q

Plasma proteins synthesized by the liver: ____, _____, and ______

A

Albumin
Lipoproteins
Coagulation proteins

40
Q

Relationship of TSH and Thyroid Function

A

Inverse

41
Q

What is total bilirubin?

A

It is the waste product of hemoglobin breakdown.

42
Q

10x increase ALT: ____, ______, and ______

A

Cirrhosis
Infection
Tumors

43
Q

95% of fat tissue

A

Triglycerides

44
Q

Waste product of muscle metabolism

A

Serum Creatinine

44
Q

Three factors that increase total bilirubin levels

A

Excessive RBC breakdown
Impaired liver function
Obstruction

45
Q

Kidney stones: _______

A

Hypercalcemia

45
Q

Liver is a storage site for: ____, _____, _____, etc.

A

Iron
Glycogen
Vitamins

46
Q

Increased or Decreased BUN:
Kidney disease
Pregnancy
Steroids

A

Increased
Decreased
Increased

47
Q

Clinical Chemistry tests measure:

A

substances with biological functions
non-functional metabolites
indicators of cell damage or disease
drugs or toxic substances

48
Q

LD

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

49
Q

Monitor heart attacks

A

Creatine Kinase

50
Q

GGT

A

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase

51
Q

Nucleic acid breakdown products

A

Uric Acid

51
Q

Determination of plasma glucose concentration

A

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Clinical Chemistry (6 decks)

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