Introduction Flashcards
Recommended cholesterol level in adults
<200 mg/dl
Waste products: ______ and ______
creatinine
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Clinical Chemistry provides information regarding _______ and _____ of a tissue, organ, or organ system.
function integrity
Tubes without anticoagulant
Serum Separator Tubes
Substances with biological functions: _______ and _________
glucose
calcium
Forms an interface between the clot and the serum
Gel substance
Clinical Chemistry is the analysis of:
individual constituents proteins enzymes nutrients waste products metabolites hormones
Present in all tissues
Cholesterol
Range of values for a particular test from healthy individuals
Normal or Reference Values
Essential components of cells and body fluids
Proteins
Increased or decreased after eating: ____ and ____
Glucose
Triglycerides
Hypercalcemia (A) or Hypocalcemia (B): Kidney disease Parathyroidism Acidosis Bone malignancies Hormone disorders Hypoparathyroidism
B A A A A B
Lytes influence:
Hydration Acid-base balance Osmotic pressure pH Heart and muscle contraction
Most common specimen for chemical analysis
Serum
Relationship of serum creatinine and kidney function
Inverse
Influence calcium
Vitamin D
Parathyroid hormone
Estrogen
Calcitonin
Indicators of cell damage and disease: ______ and _______
liver enzymes
cardiac enzymes
Transport substances in and out of the cells
Electrolytes
Hypocalcemia: ______
Tetany
Liver Enzyme... Used to monitor patients recovering from hepatitis and cirrhosis Increased in liver tumors Increased in liver disease Following heart attacks Increased in heart attacks
GGT ALP AST, LD LD AST
Protein tests provide information about:
State of hydration
Nutrition
Liver function
T or F. AP is greatly increased in hepatitis.
F: It is moderately increased in hepatitis and greatly. Increased in liver tumors and lesions.
T or F. Hemolytic anemia increases iron levels.
True
Influence phosphorus: _____ and _____
Calcium
Certain hormones
Best test for overall kidney function
Serum creatinine
ALT
Alanine Aminotransferase
Functions of calcium: ____ and ____
Coagulation
Muscle contraction
Three Kidney Function Tests
Serum Creatinine
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Uric Acid
Surplus amino acids –> Urea
Blood Urea Nitrogen
AST
Asparate Aminotransferase
99% is in skeleton
Calcium
______: 20% in ______
Phosphorus
Energy compounds
Why is BUN not the best test for kidney function?
Because BUN is influenced by diet and hormones.
100x increase SGPT
Viral or toxic hepatitis
Increased uric acid is seen in: ____ and _____
Kidney disease
Radiation
ALP
Alkaline Phosphatase
Plasma proteins synthesized by the liver: ____, _____, and ______
Albumin
Lipoproteins
Coagulation proteins
Relationship of TSH and Thyroid Function
Inverse
What is total bilirubin?
It is the waste product of hemoglobin breakdown.
10x increase ALT: ____, ______, and ______
Cirrhosis
Infection
Tumors
95% of fat tissue
Triglycerides
Waste product of muscle metabolism
Serum Creatinine
Three factors that increase total bilirubin levels
Excessive RBC breakdown
Impaired liver function
Obstruction
Kidney stones: _______
Hypercalcemia
Liver is a storage site for: ____, _____, _____, etc.
Iron
Glycogen
Vitamins
Increased or Decreased BUN:
Kidney disease
Pregnancy
Steroids
Increased
Decreased
Increased
Clinical Chemistry tests measure:
substances with biological functions
non-functional metabolites
indicators of cell damage or disease
drugs or toxic substances
LD
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Monitor heart attacks
Creatine Kinase
GGT
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
Nucleic acid breakdown products
Uric Acid
Determination of plasma glucose concentration
Glycosylated hemoglobin
