Reagents and conditions

Question 1

Carboxylic acid to Ester

Answer 1

Alcohol/conc H2SO4

Question 2

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

RCOCl

Answer 2

H2O

Question 3

Alkene to alcohol

Answer 3

Steam
H3PO4 catalyst
300 degrees C
60-70 atmospheres

Question 4

Acyl chloride to secondary amide

RNHCOR’

Answer 4

Primary amiNe

Question 5

Acyl chloride to Ester

Answer 5

Alcohol

Question 6

Ketone to hydroxynitrile

Answer 6

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

Question 7

Alkane to haloalkane

Answer 7

X2 (where X is a halogen)

UV light

Question 8

Secondary alcohol to ketone

Answer 8

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (acidified potassium dichromate)

Reflux

Question 9

Ester to carboxylic acid

Answer 9

Dilute acid, heat

Question 10

Nitrile to amine

Answer 10

H2/Ni

Question 11

Hydroxynitrile to amine

CN triple bond with an OH group

Answer 11

H2/Ni

Question 12

Aldehyde to primary alcohol

Answer 12

NaBH4

Question 13

Haloalkane to amine

                   (R-NH2) or secondary + tertiary version

Answer 13

NH3/ethanol

Question 14

Ketone to secondary alcohol

Answer 14

NaBH4

Question 15

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

Or primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 15

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (acidified potassium dichromate)

Reflux

Question 16

Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 16

H2O/HCl, heat

Question 17

Alcohol to Ester

Answer 17

Carboxylic acid/H2SO4

Or

Acid anhydride

Question 18

Alcohol to an alkene

Answer 18

Add conc.H2SO4 or H3PO4

Heat

Question 19

Haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 19

Warm NaOH or KOH
H2O
Reflux

Question 20

Alkene to dihaloalkane

Answer 20

X2 (X is a halogen)
20 degrees C
Dihaloalkane as you’re adding 2 halogen atoms to the molecule

Question 21

Alkene to alkane

Answer 21

H2
Nickel catalyst
150 degrees C/423K

Question 22

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

Answer 22

NaCN(aq)/H+(aq)

Question 23

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

Answer 23

H2O/HCl, heat

Question 24

Acyl chloride to primary amide

RCOCl) (RCONH2

Answer 24

NH3

Question 25

Ester to carboxylate (RCOO-)

Answer 25

OH-, heat

Question 26

Primary alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 26

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (acidified potassium dichromate)

Distillation

Question 27

Haloalkane to nitrile

CN triple bond

Answer 27

CN-/ethanol

Question 28

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

RCOCl

Answer 28

SOCl2

Question 29

Alkene to haloalkane

Answer 29

HX (where X is a halogen)

20 degrees C

Question 30

Alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 30

NaX
H2SO4 catalyst
20 degrees C

Can be done with any compounds containing halide ions